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Article

Infection of Trichinella spiralis Affects the Reproductive Capacity of ICR/CD-1 Male Mice by Reducing the Urine Pheromone Contents and Sperm Quality

by
Gaojian Li
1,2,
Tao Zhang
1,
Bin Hu
1,2,
Shuyi Han
1,2,
Chen Xiang
1,2,
Guohui Yuan
1 and
Hongxuan He
1,*
1
National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5731; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065731
Submission received: 15 February 2023 / Revised: 8 March 2023 / Accepted: 14 March 2023 / Published: 17 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
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Abstract

Female mice can discriminate the urinary odors of male mice due to their olfactory acuity. Parasitic infection or subclinical infection can decrease the odor attractiveness of male mice and finally lead to aversion or avoidance responses in odor selection for female mice. Trichinella spiralis is a kind of tissue-parasitizing nematode that causes trichinellosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease that spreads throughout the world. However, the reproductive injury caused by Trichinella spiralis infection was not fully revealed. In this study, we explored the effect of Trichinella spiralis infection on the reproductive capacity in ICR/CD-1 male mice. We identified eight volatile compounds in urine by GC-MS analysis, and the results indicated that the contents of dimethyl sulfone, Z-7-tetradecen-1-ol, 6-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone and (S)-2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole were significantly downregulated after parasitic infection, which might lead to the reduction of attractiveness of male mice urine to females. On the other hand, parasitic infection decreased sperm quality and downregulated the expression levels of Herc4, Ipo11, and Mrto4, and these genes were strongly related to spermatogenesis. In summary, this study revealed that the reproductive injury caused by Trichinella spiralis infection in ICR/CD-1 male mice could be associated with a decrease in urine pheromone content and sperm quality.
Keywords: Trichinella spiralis; reproductive injury; urine pheromone content; sperm quality; ICR/CD-1 male mice Trichinella spiralis; reproductive injury; urine pheromone content; sperm quality; ICR/CD-1 male mice

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, G.; Zhang, T.; Hu, B.; Han, S.; Xiang, C.; Yuan, G.; He, H. Infection of Trichinella spiralis Affects the Reproductive Capacity of ICR/CD-1 Male Mice by Reducing the Urine Pheromone Contents and Sperm Quality. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 5731. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065731

AMA Style

Li G, Zhang T, Hu B, Han S, Xiang C, Yuan G, He H. Infection of Trichinella spiralis Affects the Reproductive Capacity of ICR/CD-1 Male Mice by Reducing the Urine Pheromone Contents and Sperm Quality. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(6):5731. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065731

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Gaojian, Tao Zhang, Bin Hu, Shuyi Han, Chen Xiang, Guohui Yuan, and Hongxuan He. 2023. "Infection of Trichinella spiralis Affects the Reproductive Capacity of ICR/CD-1 Male Mice by Reducing the Urine Pheromone Contents and Sperm Quality" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6: 5731. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065731

APA Style

Li, G., Zhang, T., Hu, B., Han, S., Xiang, C., Yuan, G., & He, H. (2023). Infection of Trichinella spiralis Affects the Reproductive Capacity of ICR/CD-1 Male Mice by Reducing the Urine Pheromone Contents and Sperm Quality. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(6), 5731. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065731

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