Palmitic Acid Inhibits Myogenic Activity and Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain MHC IIb in Muscle Cells through Phosphorylation-Dependent MyoD Inactivation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. PA Inhibits the Terminal Differentiation of Myoblasts into Myotubes
2.2. PA Primarily Inhibits the Expression of MHC IIb in Differentiated Cells
2.3. The Inhibitory Effect of PA on MHC Expression in Myotubes Is Not Mediated via TLR-4
2.4. PA Suppresses MyoD-Induced Activation of Myh4 Promoter in C2C12 Cells
2.5. The Inhibitory Effect of PA on Myh4 Promoter Activation by MyoD Requires Ser Residues That Are Targets for Phosphorylation
2.6. Inhibition of PKC Partially Recovers PA-Induced Inhibition of MHC IIb Gene Expression in C2C12 Myotubes
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Palmitic Acid Complex Preparation
4.3. Cell Culture and Treatment
4.4. Gene Expression Analysis Using Real-Time PCR
4.5. Western Blotting
4.6. Immunofluorescence and Calculation of the Myogenic Index
4.7. Reporter Assays
4.8. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Matsuba, I.; Fujita, R.; Iida, K. Palmitic Acid Inhibits Myogenic Activity and Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain MHC IIb in Muscle Cells through Phosphorylation-Dependent MyoD Inactivation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 5847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065847
Matsuba I, Fujita R, Iida K. Palmitic Acid Inhibits Myogenic Activity and Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain MHC IIb in Muscle Cells through Phosphorylation-Dependent MyoD Inactivation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(6):5847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065847
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatsuba, Izumi, Rikako Fujita, and Kaoruko Iida. 2023. "Palmitic Acid Inhibits Myogenic Activity and Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain MHC IIb in Muscle Cells through Phosphorylation-Dependent MyoD Inactivation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6: 5847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065847