Relationships between Circulating Sclerostin, Bone Marrow Adiposity, Other Adipose Deposits and Lean Mass in Post-Menopausal Women
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Baseline Characteristics
2.2. Correlations between Serum Sclerostin and Parameters of Interest
2.3. Correlations between Circulating Sclerostin and PDFF (%)
2.4. Correlations between Circulating Sclerostin and Body Composition Parameters
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design
4.2. Study Population
4.3. Study Protocol
4.4. Disease Assessment
4.5. Bone Marrow Adiposity Measurement Using MRI
4.5.1. Image Acquisition
4.5.2. MR Segmentation
4.6. Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition Assessment
4.7. Laboratory Measurements
4.7.1. Samples
4.7.2. Sclerostin
4.7.3. Leptin and Adiponectin
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ALM | Appendicular lean mass |
BMA | Bone marrow adiposity |
BMAds | Bone marrow adipocytes |
BMAT | Bone marrow adipose tissue |
BMD | Bone mineral density |
BMI | Body mass index |
CCI | Charlson Comorbidity Index |
CV | Coefficient of variation |
DXA | X-ray biphotonic absorptiometry |
eGFR | Estimated glomerular filtration rate |
FF | Fragility fractures |
hBMSCs | Human bone-marrow-derived stromal cells |
HFD | High-fat diet |
hs-CRP | High-sensitivity C-reactive protein |
hSOST | Human sclerostin |
iPTH | Intact parathormone |
KO | Knock-out |
MR | Magnetic resonance |
PDFF | Proton density fat fraction |
PTH | Parathormone |
ROI | Polygonal region of interest |
Scl-Ab | Sclerostin antibody |
SOST | Sclerostin |
TBF | Total body fat |
TSE | Turbo-spin echo |
VAT | Visceral adipose tissue |
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N | Cases (n = 100) | N | Controls (n = 99) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 100 | 70.2 ± 10.6 | 99 | 64.7 ± 8.5 | <0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 100 | 67.2 ± 15.6 | 99 | 72.1 ± 15.8 | 0.03 |
Height (cm) | 100 | 159.1 ± 6.8 | 99 | 161.2 ± 6.2 | 0.02 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 100 | 26.5 ± 5.9 | 99 | 27.7 ± 5.8 | 0.14 |
Leisure time activity (score 0–15) | 100 | 8.7 ± 2.6 | 99 | 9.3 ± 2.4 | 0.07 |
Comorbidities | |||||
Type 2 diabetes | 100 | 12 (12.0) | 99 | 12 (12.1) | 0.98 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 100 | 3 (2 to 5) | 99 | 2 (0 to 4) | <0.001 |
Osteoporosis Risk Factors | |||||
Excessive alcohol consumption | 100 | 8 (8.0) | 99 | 4 (4.0) | 0.24 |
Current smoking | 100 | 13 (13.0) | 99 | 10 (10.1) | 0.52 |
Family history of hip fracture | 100 | 11 (11.0) | 99 | 11 (11.1) | 0.98 |
Previous use of corticosteroids | 100 | 6 (6.0) | 99 | 4 (4.0) | 0.75 |
Biochemistry Results | |||||
Sclerostin (ng/mL) | 99 1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 99 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.60 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 99 1 | 18.6 (9.7 to 31.4) | 99 | 23.7 (13.2 to 37.6) | 0.11 |
Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 95 2 | 9.2 (4.9 to 15.3) | 98 3 | 7.8 (5.00 to 12.6) | 0.10 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 100 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 99 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 0.33 |
25(OH) vitamin D (ng/mL) | 100 | 30.1 ± 12.8 | 99 | 26.4 ± 9.9 | 0.03 |
Serum PTH (pg/mL) | 100 | 42.0 (30.0 to 56.5) | 99 | 47.0 (38.0 to 59.0) | 0.05 |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 100 | 62.0 (53.0 to 71.0) | 99 | 62.0 (62.0 to 71.0) | 0.95 |
Creatinine clearance (MDRD formula) (mL/min) | 100 | 82.1 (67.1 to 94.0) | 99 | 88.0 (77.0 to 95.5) | 0.06 |
Bone Mineral Density | |||||
Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | 99 4 | 0.847 ± 0.169 | 99 | 0.939 ± 0.174 | <0.001 |
Total hip BMD (g/cm2) | 97 5 | 0.757 ± 0.135 | 99 | 0.866 ± 0.145 | <0.001 |
Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | 97 5 | 0.632 ± 0.127 | 99 | 0.726 ± 0.122 | <0.001 |
Bone Marrow Adiposity (mDixon-Quant) | |||||
Lumbar spine PDFF (%) | 100 | 59.1 ± 9.6 | 99 | 56.6 ± 9.4 | 0.06 |
Femoral diaphysis PDFF (%) | 95 6 | 81.4 ± 8.5 | 97 7 | 79.8 ± 9.8 | 0.23 |
Femoral neck PDFF (%) | 95 6 | 82.2 ± 8.1 | 97 7 | 81.5 ± 8.5 | 0.56 |
Body Composition | |||||
TBF (kg) | 97 8 | 29.8 ± 10.6 | 98 9 | 32.3 ± 11.1 | 0.37 |
VAT (cm2) | 97 8 | 146 ± 72.2 | 98 9 | 164.5 ± 89.3 | 0.12 |
ALM (kg) | 97 8 | 13.1 ± 2.9 | 98 9 | 13.8 ± 2.33 | 0.07 |
N | Cases, n = 99 | N | Controls, n = 99 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sclerostin (ng/mL) | Sclerostin (ng/mL) | |||
Age (years) | 99 | R = 0.09 (−0.11 to 0.29) p = 0.35 | 99 | R = 0.17 (−0.03 to 0.35) p = 0.09 |
Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | 98 1 | R = 0.42 (0.24 to −0.57) p < 0.001 | 99 | R = 0.56 (0.41 to 0.68) p < 0.001 |
Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | 96 2 | R = 0.43 (0.25 to 0.58) p < 0.001 | 99 | R = 0.27 (0.07 to 0.44) p = 0.007 |
Total hip BMD (g/cm2) | 96 2 | R = 0.40 (0.22 to 0.56) p < 0.001 | 99 | R = 0.35 (0.17 to 0.51) p < 0.001 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 99 | R = −0.15 (−0.34 to 0.05) p = 0.15 | 99 | R = 0.12 (−0.07 to 0.31) p = 0.22 |
Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 95 3 | R = 0.08 (−0.13 to 0.28) p = 0.45 | 98 4 | R = −0.02 (−0.22 to 0.17) p = 0.83 |
Creatinine clearance (CKD-EPI formula) (mL/min) | 99 | R = −0.22 (−0.40 to −0.02) p = 0.03 | 99 | R = −0.29 (−0.46 to −0.10) p = 0.003 |
Serum PTH (pg/mL) | 99 | R = −0.23 (−0.41 to −0.04) p = 0.02 | 99 | R = −0.09 (−0.28 to 0.11) p = 0.36 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | R | p | R | p | R | p | |
Cases (n = 99) | |||||||
Lumbar spine PDFF | 99 | R = 0.008 (0.19 to 0.21) | p = 0.93 | R = −0.03 (−0.23 to 0.17) | p = 0.75 | R = 0.001 (−0.20 to 0.20) | p = 0.99 |
Femoral neck PDFF | 95 1 | R = −0.002 (−0.20 to 0.20) | p = 0.98 | R = −0.001 (−0.20 to 0.20) | p = 1.00 | R = 0.05 (−0.16 to 0.25) | p = 0.65 |
Femoral diaphysis PDFF | 95 1 | R = −0.04 (−0.24 to 0.16) | p = 0.67 | R = −0.04 (−0.24 to 0.16) | p = 0.68 | R = 0.09 (−0.12 to 0.29) | p = 0.41 |
Controls (n = 99) | |||||||
Lumbar spine PDFF | 99 | R = 0.04 (−0.16 to 0.24) | p = 0.70 | R = −0.02 (−0.22 to 0.18) | p = 0.84 | R = 0.11 (−0.10 to 0.30) | p = 0.30 |
Femoral neck PDFF | 97 2 | R = −0.17 (−0.36 to 0.03) | p = 0.09 | R = −0.17 (−0.36 to 0.03) | p = 0.09 | R = −0.10 (−0.30 to 0.10) | p = 0.32 |
Femoral diaphysis PDFF | 97 2 | R = −0.17 (−0.36 to 0.03) | p = 0.09 | R = −0.16 (−0.35 to 0.04) | p = 0.11 | R = −0.008 (−0.21 to 0.19) | p = 0.94 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | R | p | R | p | R | p | |
Sclerostin (ng/mL) | |||||||
Cases (n = 99) | |||||||
Total body fat (kg) | 95 1 | R = −0.18 (−0.37 to 0.02) | p = 0.07 | R = −0.21 (−0.40 to −0.01) | p = 0.04 | R = −0.47 (−0.61 to −0.29) | p < 0.001 |
VAT (cm2) | 95 1 | R = −0.14 (−0.33 to 0.07) | p = 0.19 | R = −0.18 (−0.37 to 0.02) | p = 0.08 | R = −0.32 (−0.49 to −0.12) | p = 0.002 |
ALM (kg) | 95 1 | R = −0.04 (−0.24 to −0.16) | p = 0.70 | R = −0.11 (−0.31 to 0.09) | p = 0.29 | R = −0.26 (−0.44 to −0.06) | p = 0.01 |
Controls (n = 99) | |||||||
Total body fat (kg) | 98 2 | R = 0.15 (−0.05 to 0.34) | p = 0.14 | R = 0.10 (−0.10 to 0.29) | p = 0.34 | R = −0.13 (−0.32 to 0.08) | p = 0.21 |
VAT (cm2) | 98 2 | R = 0.14 (−0.06 to 0.32) | p = 0.18 | R = 0.05 (−0.15 to 0.25) | p = 0.60 | R = −0.24 (−0.42 to −0.04) | p = 0.02 |
ALM (kg) | 98 2 | R = 0.25 (0.05 to 0.43) | p = 0.01 | R = 0.22 (0.02 to 0.40) | p = 0.03 | R = 0.06 (−0.14 to 0.25) | p = 0.56 |
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Courtalin, M.; Bertheaume, N.; Badr, S.; During, A.; Lombardo, D.; Deken, V.; Cortet, B.; Clabaut, A.; Paccou, J. Relationships between Circulating Sclerostin, Bone Marrow Adiposity, Other Adipose Deposits and Lean Mass in Post-Menopausal Women. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 5922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065922
Courtalin M, Bertheaume N, Badr S, During A, Lombardo D, Deken V, Cortet B, Clabaut A, Paccou J. Relationships between Circulating Sclerostin, Bone Marrow Adiposity, Other Adipose Deposits and Lean Mass in Post-Menopausal Women. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(6):5922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065922
Chicago/Turabian StyleCourtalin, Marion, Nicolas Bertheaume, Sammy Badr, Alexandrine During, Daniela Lombardo, Valérie Deken, Bernard Cortet, Aline Clabaut, and Julien Paccou. 2023. "Relationships between Circulating Sclerostin, Bone Marrow Adiposity, Other Adipose Deposits and Lean Mass in Post-Menopausal Women" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6: 5922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065922