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Article

Distinct Inflammatory and Oxidative Effects of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism in the Lacrimal Functional Unit

by
Jacqueline Ferreira Faustino-Barros
,
Ariane Mirela Saranzo Sant’Ana
,
Lara Cristina Dias
,
Adriana de Andrade Batista Murashima
,
Lilian Eslaine Costa Mendes da Silva
,
Marina Zílio Fantucci
,
Denny Marcos Garcia
and
Eduardo Melani Rocha
*
Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 6974; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086974
Submission received: 31 January 2023 / Revised: 28 February 2023 / Accepted: 4 March 2023 / Published: 10 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dry Eye: Molecular Mechanisms, Inflammation Biology and Novel Molecular Targets)
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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypothyroidism (HT) are prevalent diseases associated with dry eye (DE). Their impact on the lacrimal functional unit (LFU) is poorly known. This work evaluates the changes in the LFU in DM and HT. Adult male Wistar rats had the disease induced as follows: (a) DM: streptozotocin and (b) HT: methimazole. The tear film (TF) and blood osmolarity were measured. Cytokine mRNA was compared in the lacrimal gland (LG), trigeminal ganglion (TG), and cornea (CO). Oxidative enzymes were evaluated in the LG. The DM group showed lower tear secretion (p = 0.02) and higher blood osmolarity (p < 0.001). The DM group presented lower mRNA expression of TRPV1 in the cornea (p = 0.03), higher Il1b mRNA expression (p = 0.03), and higher catalase activity in the LG (p < 0.001). The DM group presented higher Il6 mRNA expression in the TG (p = 0.02). The HT group showed higher TF osmolarity (p < 0.001), lower expression of Mmp9 mRNA in the CO (p < 0.001), higher catalase activity in the LG (p = 0.002), and higher expression of Il1b mRNA in the TG (p = 0.004). The findings revealed that DM and HT induce distinct compromises to the LG and the entire LFU.
Keywords: animal models; diabetes mellitus; dry eye; hypothyroidism; lacrimal functional unit animal models; diabetes mellitus; dry eye; hypothyroidism; lacrimal functional unit

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MDPI and ACS Style

Faustino-Barros, J.F.; Saranzo Sant’Ana, A.M.; Dias, L.C.; de Andrade Batista Murashima, A.; Costa Mendes da Silva, L.E.; Fantucci, M.Z.; Garcia, D.M.; Rocha, E.M. Distinct Inflammatory and Oxidative Effects of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism in the Lacrimal Functional Unit. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086974

AMA Style

Faustino-Barros JF, Saranzo Sant’Ana AM, Dias LC, de Andrade Batista Murashima A, Costa Mendes da Silva LE, Fantucci MZ, Garcia DM, Rocha EM. Distinct Inflammatory and Oxidative Effects of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism in the Lacrimal Functional Unit. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(8):6974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086974

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faustino-Barros, Jacqueline Ferreira, Ariane Mirela Saranzo Sant’Ana, Lara Cristina Dias, Adriana de Andrade Batista Murashima, Lilian Eslaine Costa Mendes da Silva, Marina Zílio Fantucci, Denny Marcos Garcia, and Eduardo Melani Rocha. 2023. "Distinct Inflammatory and Oxidative Effects of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism in the Lacrimal Functional Unit" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8: 6974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086974

APA Style

Faustino-Barros, J. F., Saranzo Sant’Ana, A. M., Dias, L. C., de Andrade Batista Murashima, A., Costa Mendes da Silva, L. E., Fantucci, M. Z., Garcia, D. M., & Rocha, E. M. (2023). Distinct Inflammatory and Oxidative Effects of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism in the Lacrimal Functional Unit. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(8), 6974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086974

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