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Review

An Update on Clinical Trials and Potential Therapeutic Strategies in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

1
Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
2
Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
3
Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina-Shawn Jenkins Children’s Hospital, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7201; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087201
Submission received: 27 March 2023 / Revised: 9 April 2023 / Accepted: 11 April 2023 / Published: 13 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Progress)

Abstract

Current therapies for T-cell acute leukemia are based on risk stratification and have greatly improved the survival rate for patients, but mortality rates remain high owing to relapsed disease, therapy resistance, or treatment-related toxicities/infection. Patients with relapsed disease continue to have poor outcomes. In the past few years, newer agents have been investigated to optimize upfront therapies for higher-risk patients in the hopes of decreasing relapse rates. This review summarizes the progress of chemo/targeted therapies using Nelarabine/Bortezomib/CDK4/6 inhibitors for T-ALL in clinical trials and novel strategies to target NOTCH-induced T-ALL. We also outline immunotherapy clinical trials using monoclonal/bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies, anti-PD1/anti-PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T for T-ALL therapy. Overall, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials showed that applying monoclonal antibodies or CAR-T for relapsed/refractory T-ALL therapy is promising. The combination of target therapy and immunotherapy may be a novel strategy for T-ALL treatment.
Keywords: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; clinical trials; relapse; refractory; immunotherapy; CAR-T therapy T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; clinical trials; relapse; refractory; immunotherapy; CAR-T therapy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Patel, J.; Gao, X.; Wang, H. An Update on Clinical Trials and Potential Therapeutic Strategies in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 7201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087201

AMA Style

Patel J, Gao X, Wang H. An Update on Clinical Trials and Potential Therapeutic Strategies in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(8):7201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087201

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patel, Janisha, Xueliang Gao, and Haizhen Wang. 2023. "An Update on Clinical Trials and Potential Therapeutic Strategies in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8: 7201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087201

APA Style

Patel, J., Gao, X., & Wang, H. (2023). An Update on Clinical Trials and Potential Therapeutic Strategies in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(8), 7201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087201

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