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Review

Sustainable Exploitation of Posidonia oceanica Sea Balls (Egagropili): A Review

by
Odile Francesca Restaino
1,
Concetta Valeria L. Giosafatto
1,
Seyedeh Fatemeh Mirpoor
1,
Marcella Cammarota
2,
Sondos Hejazi
1,
Loredana Mariniello
1,
Chiara Schiraldi
2 and
Raffaele Porta
1,*
1
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Montesantangelo Campus, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
2
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7301; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087301
Submission received: 21 March 2023 / Revised: 9 April 2023 / Accepted: 12 April 2023 / Published: 14 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Bio-Based Materials from Renewable Sources)
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Abstract

Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is the main seagrass plant in the Mediterranean basin that forms huge underwater meadows. Its leaves, when decomposed, are transported to the coasts, where they create huge banquettes that protect the beaches from sea erosion. Its roots and rhizome fragments, instead, aggregate into fibrous sea balls, called egagropili, that are shaped and accumulated by the waves along the shoreline. Their presence on the beach is generally disliked by tourists, and, thus, local communities commonly treat them as waste to remove and discard. Posidonia oceanica egagropili might represent a vegetable lignocellulose biomass to be valorized as a renewable substrate to produce added value molecules in biotechnological processes, as bio-absorbents in environmental decontamination, to prepare new bioplastics and biocomposites, or as insulating and reinforcement materials for construction and building. In this review, the structural characteristics, and the biological role of Posidonia oceanica egagropili are described, as well as their applications in different fields as reported in scientific papers published in recent years.
Keywords: cellulose; egagropili; holocellulose; lignin; marine waste; Posidonia oceanica cellulose; egagropili; holocellulose; lignin; marine waste; Posidonia oceanica

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MDPI and ACS Style

Restaino, O.F.; Giosafatto, C.V.L.; Mirpoor, S.F.; Cammarota, M.; Hejazi, S.; Mariniello, L.; Schiraldi, C.; Porta, R. Sustainable Exploitation of Posidonia oceanica Sea Balls (Egagropili): A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 7301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087301

AMA Style

Restaino OF, Giosafatto CVL, Mirpoor SF, Cammarota M, Hejazi S, Mariniello L, Schiraldi C, Porta R. Sustainable Exploitation of Posidonia oceanica Sea Balls (Egagropili): A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(8):7301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087301

Chicago/Turabian Style

Restaino, Odile Francesca, Concetta Valeria L. Giosafatto, Seyedeh Fatemeh Mirpoor, Marcella Cammarota, Sondos Hejazi, Loredana Mariniello, Chiara Schiraldi, and Raffaele Porta. 2023. "Sustainable Exploitation of Posidonia oceanica Sea Balls (Egagropili): A Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8: 7301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087301

APA Style

Restaino, O. F., Giosafatto, C. V. L., Mirpoor, S. F., Cammarota, M., Hejazi, S., Mariniello, L., Schiraldi, C., & Porta, R. (2023). Sustainable Exploitation of Posidonia oceanica Sea Balls (Egagropili): A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(8), 7301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087301

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