Tff3−/− Knock-Out Mice with Altered Lipid Metabolism Exhibit a Lower Level of Inflammation following the Dietary Intake of Sodium Chloride for One Week

Kolobarić, Nikolina; Mihalj, Martina; Kozina, Nataša; Matić, Anita; Mihaljević, Zrinka; Jukić, Ivana; Drenjančević, Ines

doi:10.3390/ijms24087315

Open AccessArticle

Tff3^−/− Knock-Out Mice with Altered Lipid Metabolism Exhibit a Lower Level of Inflammation following the Dietary Intake of Sodium Chloride for One Week

by

Nikolina Kolobarić

^1,2,†

,

Martina Mihalj

^1,2,3,†

,

Nataša Kozina

^1,2,

Anita Matić

^1,2

,

Zrinka Mihaljević

^1,2

,

Ivana Jukić

^1,2

and

Ines Drenjančević

^1,2,*

¹

Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia

²

Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia

³

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7315; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087315

Submission received: 13 March 2023 / Revised: 12 April 2023 / Accepted: 13 April 2023 / Published: 15 April 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Regulation in Innate Immune Cells in Health and Disease)

Download

Browse Figures

Versions Notes

Abstract

A high salt intake causes hemodynamic changes and promotes immune response through cell activation and cytokine production, leading to pro-inflammatory conditions. Transgenic Tff3^−/− knock-out mice (TFF3ko) (n = 20) and wild-type mice (WT) (n = 20) were each divided into the (1) low-salt (LS) group and (2) high-salt (HS) group. Ten-week-old animals were fed with standard rodent chow (0.4% NaCl) (LS) or food containing 4% NaCl (HS) for one week (7 days). Inflammatory parameters from the sera were measured by Luminex assay. The integrin expression and rates of T cell subsets of interest from the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were measured using flow cytometry. There was a significant increase in high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) only in the WT mice following the HS diet, while there were no significant changes in the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-6 as a response to treatment in either study groups. The rates of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells from MLNs decreased, while CD3⁺γδTCR⁺ from peripheral blood increased following the HS diet only in TFF3ko. γδTCR expressing T cell rates decreased in WT following the HS diet. The CD49d/VLA-4 expression decreased in the peripheral blood leukocytes in both groups following the HS diet. CD11a/LFA-1 expression significantly increased only in the peripheral blood Ly6C⁻CD11a^high monocytes in WT mice following salt loading. In conclusion, salt-loading in knock-out mice caused a lower level of inflammatory response compared with their control WT mice due to gene depletion.

Keywords: inflammation; integrins; knock-out; sodium chloride; trefoil factor-3

Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kolobarić, N.; Mihalj, M.; Kozina, N.; Matić, A.; Mihaljević, Z.; Jukić, I.; Drenjančević, I. Tff3^−/− Knock-Out Mice with Altered Lipid Metabolism Exhibit a Lower Level of Inflammation following the Dietary Intake of Sodium Chloride for One Week. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 7315. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087315

AMA Style

Kolobarić N, Mihalj M, Kozina N, Matić A, Mihaljević Z, Jukić I, Drenjančević I. Tff3^−/− Knock-Out Mice with Altered Lipid Metabolism Exhibit a Lower Level of Inflammation following the Dietary Intake of Sodium Chloride for One Week. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(8):7315. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087315

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kolobarić, Nikolina, Martina Mihalj, Nataša Kozina, Anita Matić, Zrinka Mihaljević, Ivana Jukić, and Ines Drenjančević. 2023. "Tff3^−/− Knock-Out Mice with Altered Lipid Metabolism Exhibit a Lower Level of Inflammation following the Dietary Intake of Sodium Chloride for One Week" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8: 7315. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087315

APA Style

Kolobarić, N., Mihalj, M., Kozina, N., Matić, A., Mihaljević, Z., Jukić, I., & Drenjančević, I. (2023). Tff3^−/− Knock-Out Mice with Altered Lipid Metabolism Exhibit a Lower Level of Inflammation following the Dietary Intake of Sodium Chloride for One Week. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(8), 7315. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087315

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Tff3^−/− Knock-Out Mice with Altered Lipid Metabolism Exhibit a Lower Level of Inflammation following the Dietary Intake of Sodium Chloride for One Week

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI