Severe Acute Liver Dysfunction Induces Delayed Hepatocyte Swelling and Cytoplasmic Vacuolization, and Delayed Cortical Neuronal Cell Death
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Induction of Hepatic Encephalopathy
2.2. Histopathological Evaluation of the Hepatic Structural Changes in Response to Hepatic Encephalopathy
2.3. Biochemical Analyses
2.4. Histopathological Evaluation of the Changes in the Cerebral Cortex in Response to Hepatic Encephalopathy
2.5. Brain Inflammatory Response after Hepatic Encephalopathy
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design
4.2. Inducing Acute Liver Failure
4.3. Biochemical Analysis
4.4. Tissue Preparation
4.5. Brain Water Measurement
4.6. Histological Analysis
4.7. Electron Microscopical Analysis
4.8. Western Blot Analysis
4.9. Data Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TP (g/dL) | ALB (g/dL) | AST (IU/L) | ALT (IU/L) | ALP (IU/L) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 3.24 ± 0.29 | 1.49 ± 0.28 | 214.31 ± 3.94 | 10.83 ± 4.38 | 141.38 ± 18.15 |
3H | 2.47 ± 0.21 * | 1.69 ± 0.36 | 321.12 ± 28.47 * | 18.68 ± 3.12 | 172.09 ± 10.29 |
24H | 3.39 ± 0.28 | 1.74 ± 0.31 | 331.29 ± 29.11 * | 53.22 ± 3.19 * | 166.21 ± 14.34 |
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Nakadate, K.; Sono, C.; Mita, H.; Itakura, Y.; Kawakami, K. Severe Acute Liver Dysfunction Induces Delayed Hepatocyte Swelling and Cytoplasmic Vacuolization, and Delayed Cortical Neuronal Cell Death. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 7351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087351
Nakadate K, Sono C, Mita H, Itakura Y, Kawakami K. Severe Acute Liver Dysfunction Induces Delayed Hepatocyte Swelling and Cytoplasmic Vacuolization, and Delayed Cortical Neuronal Cell Death. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(8):7351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087351
Chicago/Turabian StyleNakadate, Kazuhiko, Chiaki Sono, Homura Mita, Yuki Itakura, and Kiyoharu Kawakami. 2023. "Severe Acute Liver Dysfunction Induces Delayed Hepatocyte Swelling and Cytoplasmic Vacuolization, and Delayed Cortical Neuronal Cell Death" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8: 7351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087351