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Review

Ursolic Acid against Prostate and Urogenital Cancers: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

by
Amanda Kornel
1,
Matteo Nadile
1,
Maria Ilektra Retsidou
2,
Minas Sakellakis
3,
Katerina Gioti
4,
Apostolos Beloukas
4,5,
Newman Siu Kwan Sze
1,
Panagiota Klentrou
2,6 and
Evangelia Tsiani
1,6,*
1
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
2
Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
3
Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece
4
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
5
National AIDS Reference Centre of Southern Greece, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
6
Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7414; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087414
Submission received: 15 February 2023 / Revised: 7 April 2023 / Accepted: 13 April 2023 / Published: 18 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Targeted Small Molecules)
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Abstract

Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed form of cancer in men worldwide and accounted for roughly 1.3 million cases and 359,000 deaths globally in 2018, despite all the available treatment strategies including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Finding novel approaches to prevent and treat prostate and other urogenital cancers effectively is of major importance. Chemicals derived from plants, such as docetaxel and paclitaxel, have been used in cancer treatment, and in recent years, research interest has focused on finding other plant-derived chemicals that can be used in the fight against cancer. Ursolic acid, found in high concentrations in cranberries, is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. In the present review, we summarize the research studies examining the effects of ursolic acid and its derivatives against prostate and other urogenital cancers. Collectively, the existing data indicate that ursolic acid inhibits human prostate, renal, bladder, and testicular cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. A limited number of studies have shown significant reduction in tumor volume in animals xenografted with human prostate cancer cells and treated with ursolic acid. More animal studies and human clinical studies are required to examine the potential of ursolic acid to inhibit prostate and other urogenital cancers in vivo.
Keywords: ursolic acid; prostate; urogenital; cancer; survival; apoptosis; proliferation; signaling cascades ursolic acid; prostate; urogenital; cancer; survival; apoptosis; proliferation; signaling cascades

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kornel, A.; Nadile, M.; Retsidou, M.I.; Sakellakis, M.; Gioti, K.; Beloukas, A.; Sze, N.S.K.; Klentrou, P.; Tsiani, E. Ursolic Acid against Prostate and Urogenital Cancers: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 7414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087414

AMA Style

Kornel A, Nadile M, Retsidou MI, Sakellakis M, Gioti K, Beloukas A, Sze NSK, Klentrou P, Tsiani E. Ursolic Acid against Prostate and Urogenital Cancers: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(8):7414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087414

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kornel, Amanda, Matteo Nadile, Maria Ilektra Retsidou, Minas Sakellakis, Katerina Gioti, Apostolos Beloukas, Newman Siu Kwan Sze, Panagiota Klentrou, and Evangelia Tsiani. 2023. "Ursolic Acid against Prostate and Urogenital Cancers: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8: 7414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087414

APA Style

Kornel, A., Nadile, M., Retsidou, M. I., Sakellakis, M., Gioti, K., Beloukas, A., Sze, N. S. K., Klentrou, P., & Tsiani, E. (2023). Ursolic Acid against Prostate and Urogenital Cancers: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(8), 7414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087414

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