An Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of the Marine Toxin C17-SAMT in Human TK6 and HepaRG Cell Lines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. In Vitro Micronucleus Test in TK6 Cells
2.2. Multiparametric Cytotoxicity Assays in HepaRG Cells
2.2.1. DNA Damage
- γ-H2AX and phospho-H3
- Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (phospho ATM S1981)
2.2.2. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm)
- TMRE labeling
- ATP levels
2.2.3. Inflammatory Response
- NF-κB translocation
- IL-8 levels
2.2.4. Oxidative Stress
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD2)
- Heme oxygenase-1
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.1.1. Shellfish Sampling
4.1.2. Chemicals and Reagents
4.1.3. Cell Culture
- TK6 cells
- HepaRG cells
4.1.4. Micronucleus Assay in TK6 Cells
4.1.5. High Content Analysis
4.1.6. Mitochondrial Activity
- Mitochondrial transmembrane potential: TMRE
- ATP levels
4.1.7. IL-8 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
4.1.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Marzougui, Z.; Le Hegarat, L.; Hogeveen, K.; Huet, S.; Kharrat, R.; Marrouchi, R.; Fessard, V. An Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of the Marine Toxin C17-SAMT in Human TK6 and HepaRG Cell Lines. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 7805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097805
Marzougui Z, Le Hegarat L, Hogeveen K, Huet S, Kharrat R, Marrouchi R, Fessard V. An Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of the Marine Toxin C17-SAMT in Human TK6 and HepaRG Cell Lines. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(9):7805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097805
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarzougui, Zeineb, Ludovic Le Hegarat, Kevin Hogeveen, Sylvie Huet, Riadh Kharrat, Riadh Marrouchi, and Valérie Fessard. 2023. "An Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of the Marine Toxin C17-SAMT in Human TK6 and HepaRG Cell Lines" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9: 7805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097805