Optimization of Magnetic and Paper-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Charantin in Momordica charantia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. HPLC-DAD Optimization
2.2. Method Validation
2.3. Fe3O4@MIPs and Paper@MIPs
2.4. Applications
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals
3.2. Preparation of Standard Solution
3.3. Optimization of Fe3O4@MIPs and Paper@MIPs
3.4. HPLC-DAD Optimization
3.5. Method Validation
3.6. Applications
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Charantin Constituent | Content a (mg/100 g Dry Weight) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe3O4@MIPs | Paper@MIPs | |||||||
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | |
Sterol glucoside | 152.0 ± 7.1 | 48.9 ± 1.3 | 15.9 ± 2.0 | 24.5 ± 2.6 | 143.2 ± 6.4 | 46.8 ± 3.2 | 18.6 ± 2.9 | 23.3 ± 2.0 |
5,25-Stigmastadienol glucoside | 365.9 ± 10.2 | 83.3 ± 2.6 | 45.4 ± 2.6 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 357.3 ± 9.9 | 80.7 ± 2.9 | 48.1 ± 3.0 | 3.9 ± 0.6 |
β-sitosterol glucoside | 61.0 ± 3.2 | 36.1 ± 0.9 | 197.5 ± 21.6 | 25.3 ± 6.2 | 58.7 ± 2.5 | 38.1 ± 2.0 | 183.6 ± 10.5 | 21.1 ± 3.5 |
Extraction Method | Reagent Consumption a | Extraction Time | Equipment Required | Analytical Method | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe3O4@MIPs and paper@MIPs as µSPE | 10 mL methanol | 10 min | Vortex, magnet separator, syringe filter holder | HPLC-DAD | The proposed method |
Ultrasonic-assisted LLE | 5 mL 80% methanol (46 °C) | 2 h | Ultrasonicator | HPTLC densitometry | [12] |
LLE | 20 mL hexane, 10 mL methanol | ≈1.5 h | Vortex, ultrasonicator, centrifuge | HPLC-DAD | [3] |
Pressurized liquid extraction | 40–60 mL ethanol (100–120 °C) or 60 mL 50% ethanol (100 °C), 5 mL 50% methanol, 5 mL 70% methanol, 3 mL hexane for purification | >40 min–1 h | Ultrasonicator, centrifuge, in-house pressurized liquid extractor | HPLC-DAD | [10] |
Soxhlet extraction | 200 mL ethanol, 30 mL methanol (78.5 °C), 5 mL 50% methanol, 5 mL 70% methanol, 3 mL hexane for purification | >2 h | Soxhlet apparatus, ultrasonicator, centrifuge | HPLC-DAD | [10] |
Soxhlet extraction | 10 mL ethanol or water (78–100 °C) | 6 h | Soxhlet apparatus, ultrasonicator, centrifuge | HPLC-DAD | [11] |
Shaking water bath | N/A b mL water (80 °C) | 6.5 h | Shaking water bath, ultrasonicator, centrifuge | HPLC-DAD | [11] |
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction | N/A mL water and ethanol (65 °C) | ≈3 h | Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction system, ultrasonicator, centrifuge | HPLC-DAD | [11] |
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Nuchtavorn, N.; Leanpolchareanchai, J.; Visansirikul, S.; Bunsupa, S. Optimization of Magnetic and Paper-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Charantin in Momordica charantia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 7870. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097870
Nuchtavorn N, Leanpolchareanchai J, Visansirikul S, Bunsupa S. Optimization of Magnetic and Paper-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Charantin in Momordica charantia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(9):7870. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097870
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuchtavorn, Nantana, Jiraporn Leanpolchareanchai, Satsawat Visansirikul, and Somnuk Bunsupa. 2023. "Optimization of Magnetic and Paper-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Charantin in Momordica charantia" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9: 7870. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097870