The Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Expression of Interleukin-1beta, Prostaglandin E2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Group
2.2. Genotype Frequencies and Genetic Models
2.3. Influence of IL-1A -889, IL-1B +3954, and IL-1RN (VNTR) Polymorphisms on PICF Volume and Selected Biochemical Markers of the Peri-Implant Immune Response
2.4. Correlation between Concentrations of Biochemical Markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, and PGE2)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design and Population
4.2. Socio-Demographic and Clinical Variables
4.3. Genetic Analysis
4.4. Biochemical Analysis
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CD14 | cluster of differentiation 14 |
CI | confidence interval |
ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
EMDC | Egas Moniz Dental Clinic |
FMPS | full-mouth plaque score |
IL-1 | interleukin-1 |
IL-1α | interleukin-1 alpha |
IL-1β | interleukin-1 beta |
IL-1Ra | interleukin-1 receptor antagonist |
OPG | osteoprotegerin |
OR | odds ratio |
PAI-2 | plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 |
PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
PD | probing depth |
PGE2 | prostaglandin E2 |
PICF | peri-implant crevicular fluid |
RANKL | receptor activator of nuclear factor-Kappa B ligand |
SD | standard deviation |
TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor alpha |
VNTR | variable number of tandem repeats |
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Genetic Polymorphisms Evaluated in the Studies |
---|
IL-1A -889 |
IL-1A +4845 |
IL-1B -511 |
IL-1B +3954 |
IL-1RN +2018 |
IL-1RN (VNTR) |
IL-6 -174 |
IL-17 (rs10484879) |
IL-17R (rs879576) |
TNF-α -308 |
OPG T950C |
OPG G1181C |
RANKL (rs9533156) |
RANKL (rs2277438) |
CD-14 -159 |
Peri-Implant Health (n = 27) | Peri-Implantitis (n = 24) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, | 0.865 | ||
Mean (SD) (years) | 58.74 (8.72) | 59.17 (12.40) | |
Median (years) | 60 | 57.5 | |
Range (years) | 41–74 | 38–90 | |
Sex, n (%) | 0.121 | ||
Male | 11 (40.7) | 15 (62.5) | |
Female | 16 (59.3) | 9 (37.5) | |
Smoking, n (%) | 0.134 | ||
No | 18 (66.7) | 11 (45.8) | |
Yes | 9 (33.3) | 13 (54.2) | |
History of Periodontitis, n (%) | 0.585 | ||
No | 11 (40.7) | 8 (33.3) | |
Yes | 16 (59.3) | 16 (66.7) | |
FMPS (%) | 0.234 | ||
≤15% | 11 (40.7) | 6 (25) | |
>15% | 16 (59.3) | 18 (75.0) | |
Implant function time | 0.960 | ||
Mean (SD) (years) | 8.6 (4.8) | 8.7 (5.8) | |
Median (years) | 9 | 6.5 | |
Range (years) | 1–20 | 1–20 |
Genotype, n (%) | Peri-Implant Health (n = 27) | Peri-Implantitis (n = 24) | Total (n = 51) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1A -889 | 0.714 | |||
CC | 16 (59.3) | 13 (54.2) | 29 (56.9) | |
CT/TT | 11 (40.7) | 11 (45.8) | 22 (43.1) | |
IL-1A -889 | - | |||
CC | 16 (59.3) | 13 (54.2) | 29 (56.9) | |
CT | 10 (37.0) | 6 (25.0) | 16 (31.4) | |
TT | 1 (3.7) | 5 (20.8) | 6 (11.7) | |
IL-1B +3954 | 0.749 | |||
CC | 18 (66.7) | 17 (70.8) | 35 (68.6) | |
CT/TT | 9 (33.3) | 7 (29.2) | 16 (31.4) | |
IL-1B +3954 | - | |||
CC | 18 (66.7) | 17 (70.8) | 35 (68.6) | |
CT | 9 (33.3) | 6 (25.0) | 15 (29.4) | |
TT | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (2.0) | |
IL-1RN (VNTR) | 0.811 | |||
1/1 | 23 (85.2) | 21 (87.5) | 44 (86.3) | |
1/5, 2/2 | 4 (14.8) | 3 (12.5) | 7 (13.7) | |
IL-1RN (VNTR) | - | |||
1/1 | 23 (85.2) | 21 (87.5) | 44 (86.3) | |
1/5 | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | |
2/2 | 3 (11.1) | 3 (12.5) | 6 (11.8) |
Genetic Model IL-1A -889 | Peri-Implant Health (n = 27) | Peri-Implantitis (n = 24) | OR (95% CI) * | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Events | Total | Events | Total | |||
Dominant TT + CT vs. CC | 11 | 27 | 11 | 24 | 0.81 (0.27–2.47) | 0.934 |
Recessive TT vs. CC + CT | 1 | 27 | 5 | 24 | 0.15 (0.02–1.36) | 0.148 |
Genetic Model IL-1B +3954 | Peri-Implant Health (n = 27) | Peri-Implantitis (n = 24) | OR (95% CI) * | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Events | Total | Events | Total | |||
Dominant TT + CT vs. CC | 9 | 27 | 7 | 24 | 1.21 (0.37–3.99) | 0.986 |
Recessive TT vs. CC + CT | 0 | 27 | 1 | 24 | - | - |
Genotype | Number of Individuals | IL-1β (pg/μL) Mean (SD) | TNF-α (pg/μL) Mean (SD) | PGE2 (pg/μL) Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1A -889 | ||||
CC | 29 | 19.3 (21.9) | 1.2 (1.1) | 258.5 (332.3) |
CT/TT | 22 | 29.0 (59.0) | 1.6 (3.5) | 177.7 (221.9) |
p | 0.518 | 0.313 | 0.231 | |
IL-1B +3954 | ||||
CC | 35 | 26.1 (48.7) | 1.2 (1.3) | 262.0 (339.6) |
CT/TT | 16 | 18.0 (20.4) | 1.6 (3.9) | 139.7 (91.3) |
p | 0.776 | 0.490 | 0.543 | |
IL-1RN (VNTR) | ||||
1/1 | 44 | 23.4 (44.2) | 0.9 (1.2) | 193.8 (265.5) |
1/5, 2/2 | 7 | 24.1 (24.7) | 3.9 (5.5) | 411.0 (384.8) |
p | 0.339 | 0.002 | 0.049 | |
IL-1 positive composite Genotype | ||||
Yes | 13 | 18.5 (22.1) | 1.8 (4.3) | 145.0 (96.9) |
No | 38 | 25.2 (46.9) | 1.2 (1.3) | 250.5 (328.2) |
p | 0.713 | 0.364 | 0.634 |
Patients | PICF Mean Volume (μL) (SD) | IL-1β (pg/μL) Mean (SD) | TNF-α (pg/μL) Mean (SD) | PGE2 (pg/μL) Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1 positive composite genotype patients | ||||
Healthy patients (n = 8) | 0.51 (0.28) | 15.31 (18.31) | 2.59 (5.53) | 119.06 (65.74) |
Patients with peri-implantitis (n = 5) | 0.66 (0.44) | 23.65 (28.81) | 0.60 (0.50) | 186.54 (130.81) |
p | 0.042 | 0.612 | 0.499 | 0.043 |
Patients with IL-1RN (VNTR) polymorphism | ||||
Healthy patients (n = 4) | 0.41 (0.56) | 31.28 (29.31) | 5.56 (7.20) | 365.81 (346.89) |
Patients with peri-implantitis (n = 3) | 0.48 (0.29) | 14.60 (17.30) | 1.68 (0.15) | 471.32 (504.10) |
p | 0.660 | 0.464 | 0.558 | 0.464 |
Correlation (Rho, Spearman) | ||
---|---|---|
Rho | p | |
IL-1β vs. TNF-α | 0.480 | <0.001 |
IL-1β vs. PGE2 | 0.382 | 0.006 |
TNF-α vs. PGE2 | 0.528 | <0.001 |
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Cardoso, J.M.; Ribeiro, A.C.; Botelho, J.; Proença, L.; Noronha, S.; Alves, R.C. The Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Expression of Interleukin-1beta, Prostaglandin E2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010651
Cardoso JM, Ribeiro AC, Botelho J, Proença L, Noronha S, Alves RC. The Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Expression of Interleukin-1beta, Prostaglandin E2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(1):651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010651
Chicago/Turabian StyleCardoso, José Maria, Ana Clara Ribeiro, João Botelho, Luís Proença, Susana Noronha, and Ricardo Castro Alves. 2024. "The Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Expression of Interleukin-1beta, Prostaglandin E2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 1: 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010651