PEGylated Micro/Nanoparticles Based on Biodegradable Poly(Ester Amides): Preparation and Study of the Core–Shell Structure by Synchrotron Radiation-Based FTIR Microspectroscopy and Electron Microscopy

Makharadze, Davit; Kantaria, Temur; Yousef, Ibraheem; del Valle, Luis J.; Katsarava, Ramaz; Puiggalí, Jordi

doi:10.3390/ijms25136999

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PEGylated Micro/Nanoparticles Based on Biodegradable Poly(Ester Amides): Preparation and Study of the Core–Shell Structure by Synchrotron Radiation-Based FTIR Microspectroscopy and Electron Microscopy

by

Davit Makharadze

¹

,

Temur Kantaria

²,

Ibraheem Yousef

³

,

Luis J. del Valle

^1,4,

Ramaz Katsarava

²

and

Jordi Puiggalí

^1,4,*

¹

Departament de Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain

²

Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia

³

ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain

⁴

Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 6999; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136999

Submission received: 27 May 2024 / Revised: 18 June 2024 / Accepted: 24 June 2024 / Published: 26 June 2024

(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science)

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Abstract

Surface modification of drug-loaded particles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains is a powerful tool that promotes better transport of therapeutic agents, provides stability, and avoids their detection by the immune system. In this study, we used a new approach to synthesize a biodegradable poly(ester amide) (PEA) and PEGylating surfactant. These were employed to fabricate micro/nanoparticles with a core–shell structure. Nanoparticle (NP)-protein interactions and self-assembling were subsequently studied by synchrotron radiation-based FTIR microspectroscopy (SR-FTIRM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The core–shell structure was identified using IR absorption bands of characteristic chemical groups. Specifically, the stretching absorption band of the secondary amino group (3300 cm⁻¹) allowed us to identify the poly(ester amide) core, while the band at 1105 cm⁻¹ (C-O-C vibration) was useful to demonstrate the shell structure based on PEG chains. By integration of absorption bands, a 2D intensity map of the particle was built to show a core–shell structure, which was further supported by TEM images.

Keywords: poly(ester amide); polyethylene glycol; nanoparticles; microspectroscopy; protein adsorption; electron microscopy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Makharadze, D.; Kantaria, T.; Yousef, I.; del Valle, L.J.; Katsarava, R.; Puiggalí, J. PEGylated Micro/Nanoparticles Based on Biodegradable Poly(Ester Amides): Preparation and Study of the Core–Shell Structure by Synchrotron Radiation-Based FTIR Microspectroscopy and Electron Microscopy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136999

AMA Style

Makharadze D, Kantaria T, Yousef I, del Valle LJ, Katsarava R, Puiggalí J. PEGylated Micro/Nanoparticles Based on Biodegradable Poly(Ester Amides): Preparation and Study of the Core–Shell Structure by Synchrotron Radiation-Based FTIR Microspectroscopy and Electron Microscopy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(13):6999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136999

Chicago/Turabian Style

Makharadze, Davit, Temur Kantaria, Ibraheem Yousef, Luis J. del Valle, Ramaz Katsarava, and Jordi Puiggalí. 2024. "PEGylated Micro/Nanoparticles Based on Biodegradable Poly(Ester Amides): Preparation and Study of the Core–Shell Structure by Synchrotron Radiation-Based FTIR Microspectroscopy and Electron Microscopy" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 13: 6999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136999

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PEGylated Micro/Nanoparticles Based on Biodegradable Poly(Ester Amides): Preparation and Study of the Core–Shell Structure by Synchrotron Radiation-Based FTIR Microspectroscopy and Electron Microscopy

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