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Article

Cutaneous Wound Healing and the Effects of Cannabidiol

1
Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
2
Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
3
School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 7137; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137137
Submission received: 13 May 2024 / Revised: 14 June 2024 / Accepted: 20 June 2024 / Published: 28 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)

Abstract

Cutaneous wounds, both acute and chronic, begin with loss of the integrity, and thus barrier function, of the skin. Surgery and trauma produce acute wounds. There are 22 million surgical procedures per year in the United States alone, based on data from the American College of Surgeons, resulting in a prevalence of 6.67%. Acute traumatic wounds requiring repair total 8 million per year, 2.42% or 24.2 per 1000. The cost of wound care is increasing; it approached USD 100 billion for just Medicare in 2018. This burden for wound care will continue to rise with population aging, the increase in metabolic syndrome, and more elective surgeries. To heal a wound, an orchestrated, evolutionarily conserved, and complex series of events involving cellular and molecular agents at the local and systemic levels are necessary. The principal factors of this important function include elements from the neurological, cardiovascular, immune, nutritional, and endocrine systems. The objectives of this review are to provide clinicians engaged in wound care and basic science researchers interested in wound healing with an updated synopsis from recent publications. We also present data from our primary investigations, testing the hypothesis that cannabidiol can alter cutaneous wound healing and documenting their effects in wild type (C57/BL6) and db/db mice (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, T2DM). The focus is on the potential roles of the endocannabinoid system, cannabidiol, and the important immune-regulatory wound cytokine IL-33, a member of the IL-1 family, and connective tissue growth factor, CTGF, due to their roles in both normal and abnormal wound healing. We found an initial delay in the rate of wound closure in B6 mice with CBD, but this difference disappeared with time. CBD decreased IL-33 + cells in B6 by 70% while nearly increasing CTGF + cells in db/db mice by two folds from 18.6% to 38.8% (p < 0.05) using a dorsal wound model. We review the current literature on normal and abnormal wound healing, and document effects of CBD in B6 and db/db dorsal cutaneous wounds. CBD may have some beneficial effects in diabetic wounds. We applied 6–mm circular punch to create standard size full-thickness dorsal wounds in B6 and db/db mice. The experimental group received CBD while the control group got only vehicle. The outcome measures were rate of wound closure, wound cells expressing IL-33 and CTGF, and ILC profiles. In B6, the initial rate of wound closure was slower but there was no delay in the time to final closure, and cells expressing IL-33 was significantly reduced. CTGF + cells were higher in db/bd wounds treated with CBD. These data support the potential use of CBD to improve diabetic cutaneous wound healing.
Keywords: wounds; wounding; wound care; cannabidiol; endocannabinoids; IL-33; alarmin wounds; wounding; wound care; cannabidiol; endocannabinoids; IL-33; alarmin

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Shah, P.; Holmes, K.; Chibane, F.; Wang, P.; Chagas, P.; Salles, E.; Jones, M.; Palines, P.; Masoumy, M.; Baban, B.; et al. Cutaneous Wound Healing and the Effects of Cannabidiol. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137137

AMA Style

Shah P, Holmes K, Chibane F, Wang P, Chagas P, Salles E, Jones M, Palines P, Masoumy M, Baban B, et al. Cutaneous Wound Healing and the Effects of Cannabidiol. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(13):7137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137137

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shah, Pearl, Kathryne Holmes, Fairouz Chibane, Phillip Wang, Pablo Chagas, Evila Salles, Melanie Jones, Patrick Palines, Mohamad Masoumy, Babak Baban, and et al. 2024. "Cutaneous Wound Healing and the Effects of Cannabidiol" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 13: 7137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137137

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