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Volume 25
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Review

Guardians under Siege: Exploring Pollution’s Effects on Human Immunity

by
Gaspare Drago
1,†,
Noemi Aloi
1,†,
Silvia Ruggieri
1,
Alessandra Longo
1,
Maria Lia Contrino
2,
Fabio Massimo Contarino
2,
Fabio Cibella
1,
Paolo Colombo
1,* and
Valeria Longo
1
1
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
2
Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Siracusa, Corso Gelone 17, 96100 Siracusa, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7788; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147788 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 20 June 2024 / Revised: 9 July 2024 / Accepted: 12 July 2024 / Published: 16 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Molecular Toxicology)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Chemical pollution poses a significant threat to human health, with detrimental effects on various physiological systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, mental, and perinatal domains. While the impact of pollution on these systems has been extensively studied, the intricate relationship between chemical pollution and immunity remains a critical area of investigation. The focus of this study is to elucidate the relationship between chemical pollution and human immunity. To accomplish this task, this study presents a comprehensive review that encompasses in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, shedding light on the ways in which chemical pollution can modulate human immunity. Our aim is to unveil the complex mechanisms by which environmental contaminants compromise the delicate balance of the body’s defense systems going beyond the well-established associations with defense systems and delving into the less-explored link between chemical exposure and various immune disorders, adding urgency to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and their implications for public health.
Keywords: environmental pollutant; innate and adaptive immunity; immunomodulation; developmental toxicology; pregnancy environmental pollutant; innate and adaptive immunity; immunomodulation; developmental toxicology; pregnancy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Drago, G.; Aloi, N.; Ruggieri, S.; Longo, A.; Contrino, M.L.; Contarino, F.M.; Cibella, F.; Colombo, P.; Longo, V. Guardians under Siege: Exploring Pollution’s Effects on Human Immunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7788. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147788

AMA Style

Drago G, Aloi N, Ruggieri S, Longo A, Contrino ML, Contarino FM, Cibella F, Colombo P, Longo V. Guardians under Siege: Exploring Pollution’s Effects on Human Immunity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(14):7788. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147788

Chicago/Turabian Style

Drago, Gaspare, Noemi Aloi, Silvia Ruggieri, Alessandra Longo, Maria Lia Contrino, Fabio Massimo Contarino, Fabio Cibella, Paolo Colombo, and Valeria Longo. 2024. "Guardians under Siege: Exploring Pollution’s Effects on Human Immunity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 14: 7788. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147788

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