Fabrication and Biomedical Application of Alginate Composite Hydrogels in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Alginate and Its Crosslinking Feature
2.1. Alginate Property
2.2. Preparation of Alginate Hydrogels
2.2.1. Ion Crosslinking
2.2.2. Polyelectrolyte Crosslinking
2.2.3. Hydrophobic Association Crosslinking
2.2.4. Chemical Crosslinking
2.3. Mechanical Properties of Alginate Hydrogels
2.4. Rheological Properties of Alginate Hydrogels
3. Fabrication of Alginate Composite Hydrogels
3.1. Nanocomposite Hydrogels
3.2. Interpenetrating Network Composite Hydrogels
3.3. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Alginate-Based Bio-Ink
4. Biomedical Application of Alginate Composite Hydrogel in BTE
4.1. Alginate/Polymer Composite Hydrogels
4.2. Alginate/Bioprotein or Polypeptide Composite Hydrogels
4.3. Alginate/Bioceramic Composite Hydrogels
4.4. Alginate/Bioglass Composite Hydrogels
4.5. Alginate/Nanoclay Composite Hydrogels
5. Current Status and Challenges
6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Bone tissue engineering | BTE |
Hydroxyapatite | HAP |
Polyethylene glycol | PEG |
Polyvinyl alcohol | PVA |
Polylactic acid | PLA |
Polyacrylamide | PAM |
Polylactic acid–glycolic acid | PLGA |
Polycaprolactone | PCL |
Food and Drug Administration | FDA |
Three-dimensional | 3D |
Arg–Gly–Asp | RGD |
Cell Counting Kit-8 | CCK-8 |
Alkaline phosphatase | ALP |
Polyelectrolyte complexes | PECs |
Tetrazine modified alginate | Alg-T |
Norbornene modified alginate | Alg-N |
Large amplitude oscillatory shear | LAOS |
Storage modulus | G′ |
Loss modulus | G″ |
Alg-chitosan-gelatin nanocomposite hydrogel | Alg/SiO2-CHI-GA NCH |
Interpenetrating polymer networks | IPNs |
Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) | PDMAA |
Chitosan | CS |
Methylacrylylated gelatin | GelMA |
Polydopamine | pDA |
Dexamethasone | Dex |
Alginate dialdehyde–gelatin | ADA-GEL |
Hepatorganoids | 3DP-HOs |
Arg-Gly-Asp | RGD |
Bacterial cellulose | BC |
Cellulose nanocrystals | CNCs |
D-glucono-d-lactone | GDL |
Collagen | COL |
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells | mBMSCs |
Bioglass/gelatin/sodium alginate | BG/Gel/SA |
Titania/hydroxyapatite-promoted biomimetic alginate-chitosan–gelatin | Alg/TiO2/HAP-CS-GT |
TEMPO oxidized bacterial cellulose | TOBC |
Chitosan–polyethylene oxide/nanoclay–alginate | CS-PEO/NC-ALG |
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Alginate Hydrogel-Based Materials | Representative Property | Biomedical Application | References |
---|---|---|---|
Alginate-g-poly(N-vinyl imidazole) | Reduced rate of degradation and enhanced antimicrobial activity | Antimicrobial materials | [94] |
Alginate/gelatin/nano-apatite | Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation | Hydrogel scaffold | [95] |
Alginate/chitosan/collagen composite | Excellent mechanical qualities, good biosecurity, and good water absorption | Full-thickness wound healing | [96] |
Alginate/ZnO | Antibacterial, enhanced wound healing | Bi-layered hydrogel dressings | [97] |
Alginate/gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol | Absorb exudates, maintain a moist environment, and enhance the interaction with the tissues | Wound dressing | [98] |
Alginate/chondroitin sulfate | Enhanced tissue regeneration capacity | Diabetic wound healing | [99] |
Alginate/lecithin (loading peppermint oil) | Excellent swelling and muco-adhesion qualities | Oral delivery | [100] |
Alginate dialdehyde/gelatin/fibrin | Increased potential for cell adhesion and growth | Liver tissue engineering | [101] |
Alginate/bioactive glass composite hydrogels | Enhanced mechanical, bioadhesion, and osteogenic differentiation properties | Bone tissue engineering | [102] |
Alginate-Based Composites | Representative Property | Tissue Engineering Application | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Alginate/collagen | Superior cell adhesion and proliferation, strong mechanical strength, and increased expression of genes specific to cartilage | Cartilage tissue engineering | [39] |
Alginate/bioactive glass composite hydrogels | Improved osteogenic differentiation, mechanical, and bioadhesion properties | Bone tissue engineering | [102] |
Alginate/chitosan/flurbiprofen | Excellent mechanical qualities, anti-inflammatory and hydrophilic qualities | Skin tissue engineering | [103] |
Alginate/polycaprolactone/carboxymethyl chitosan | Excellent osteoinductive capacity, biocompatibility, and mechanical qualities | Periosteal tissue engineering | [104] |
Alginate/Ga-based glass | Enhanced mechanical properties and biocompatibility | Cardiovascular tissue engineering | [105] |
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Chen, X.; Wu, T.; Bu, Y.; Yan, H.; Lin, Q. Fabrication and Biomedical Application of Alginate Composite Hydrogels in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7810. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147810
Chen X, Wu T, Bu Y, Yan H, Lin Q. Fabrication and Biomedical Application of Alginate Composite Hydrogels in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(14):7810. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147810
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Xiuqiong, Ting Wu, Yanan Bu, Huiqiong Yan, and Qiang Lin. 2024. "Fabrication and Biomedical Application of Alginate Composite Hydrogels in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 14: 7810. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147810