Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Analyses in a Fruit Fly Model of Fragile X Syndrome Using a Video-Based Automated Behavioral Research System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. CR Analysis in the w1118, per01 and dFMR1B55 Groups
2.2. Sleep Analysis in the w1118, per01, and dFMR1B55 Groups
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Flies
4.2. Video Monitoring of Locomotor Activity
4.3. CR and Sleep Pattern Analyses
- Number of bouts: number of sleeping episodes;
- Sleep bout length: duration of bout (i.e., sleeping episode);
- Day sleep latency: the duration between ZT00 and first sleeping bout after ZT00;
- Night sleep latency: the duration between ZT12 and first sleeping bout after ZT12;
- Total sleep time (TST): time spent sleeping;
- Wake after sleep onset (WASO: the number of minutes a fly spends awake after having initially fallen asleep and is calculated using the formula: total night time from ZT12 to ZT24 (720 min) − (TST in NT–night sleep latency).
- Sleep fragmentation index (SFI) calculated using the formula: number of bouts/TST.
4.4. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sleep Parameter | Sex | Females | Males | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenotype | w1118 | per01 | dFMR1B55 | p Value | w1118 | per01 | dFMR1B55 | p Value | |
No of bouts | Mean ± SD | 10.18 ± 5.92 | 7.21 ± 7.55 | 16.15 ± 6.83 | 16.11 ± 5.63 | 12.79 ± 8.34 | 20.50 ± 8.68 | ||
Median [min–max] | 10 [1–29] | 5 [1–32] | 16 [1–31] | <0.0001 | 16 [1–29] | 11 [1–34] | 22 [2–38] | <0.0001 | |
Sleep bout length (min) | Mean ± SD | 11.97 ± 6.51 | 7.45 ± 2.94 | 16.92 ± 6.63 | 22.97 ± 16.37 | 10.68 ± 6.09 | 18.05 ± 10.40 | ||
Median [min–max] | 10.0 [5–36.33] | 6.50 [5–18.60] | 16.65 [5–36.18] | <0.0001 | 16.24 [6.63–95.60] | 8.33 [5–44.24] | 16.47 [5.17–60.78] | <0.0001 | |
Sleep latency (min) | Mean ± SD | 237.45 ± 139.95 | 223.09 ± 226.05 | 147.15 ± 88.87 | 127.64 ± 86.61 | 135,32 ± 104.08 | 89.10 ± 83.37 | ||
Median [min–max] | 241 [0–666] | 153 [1–1440] | 135.50 [0–435] | <0.0001 | 127.50 [0–489] | 100 [0–509] | 67 [0–453] | <0.0001 | |
TST (min) | Mean ± SD | 119.25 ± 120.70 | 38.67 ± 70.64 | 270.44 ± 133.37 | 318.26 ± 155.96 | 138.73 ± 150.49 | 357.65 ± 169.94 | ||
Median [min–max] | 81 [0–647] | 8.50 [0–370] | 300 [0–499] | <0.0001 | 325 [0–617] | 82.50 [0–694] | 414.50 [13–606] | <0.0001 |
Sleep Parameter | Sex | Females | Males | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenotype | w1118 | per01 | dFMR1B55 | p Value | w1118 | per01 | dFMR1B55 | p Value | |
No of bouts | Mean ± SD | 21.53 ± 6.91 | 10.18 ± 5.18 | 17.10 ± 8.41 | 23.30 ± 8.76 | 14.34 ± 4.95 | 15.96 ± 10.14 | ||
Median [min-max] | 22 [6–37] | 9.50 [2–30] | 16 [2–43] | <0.0001 | 23.50 [1–44] | 15 [5–32] | 14 [1–47] | <0.0001 | |
Sleep bout length (min) | Mean ± SD | 22.37 ± 14.60 | 40.58 ± 27.35 | 37.73 ± 38.03 | 15.63 ± 8.52 | 32.15 ± 16.49 | 73.40 ± 109.02 | ||
Median [min-max] | 17.19 [5.67–87.71] | 34.03 [6.59–142] | 27.42 [9.67–286.5] | <0.0001 | 12.66 [5–41] | 29.28 [9.09–101.14] | 40.75 [9.26–656] | <0.0001 | |
Sleep latency (min) | Mean ± SD | 94.20 ± 48.81 | 136.86 ± 51.86 | 109.84 ± 81.30 | 67.98 ± 68.28 | 100.99 ± 49.87 | 78.36 ± 46.62 | ||
Median [min-max] | 94.50 [4–376] | 134.50 [51–261] | 110 [1–514] | <0.0001 | 54.50 [6–576] | 101.5 [2–230] | 86 [1–179] | <0.0001 | |
TST (min) | Mean ± SD | 409.81 ± 127.62 | 332.60 ± 146.64 | 447.26 ± 102.53 | 348.66 ± 162.56 | 405.44 ± 136.74 | 520.98 ± 81.72 | ||
Median [min-max] | 416 [34–618] | 324 [18–630] | 458.50 [57–622] | <0.0001 | 347 [5–638] | 418 [97–699] | 537 [231–672] | <0.0001 | |
WASO (min) | Mean ± SD | 404.40 ± 161.20 | 524.3 ± 176 | 382.60 ± 152.20 | 439.30 ± 199.10 | 415.5 ± 174.3 | 277.40 ± 83.40 | ||
Median [min-max] | 392.50 [112–1009] | 541.50 [153–962] | 351 [122–1042] | <0.0001 | 416 [93–1291] | 408 [24–812] | 272.50 [83–538] | <0.0001 | |
SFI | Mean ± SD | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.03 | ||
Median [min-max] | 0.06 [0.01–0.18] | 0.03 [0.01–0.15] | 0.04 [0–0.11] | <0.0001 | 0.08 [0.02–0.2] | 0.04 [0.01–0.11] | 0.02 [0–0.11] | <0.0001 |
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Milojevic, S.; Ghosh, A.; Makevic, V.; Stojkovic, M.; Capovilla, M.; Tosti, T.; Budimirovic, D.; Protic, D. Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Analyses in a Fruit Fly Model of Fragile X Syndrome Using a Video-Based Automated Behavioral Research System. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147949
Milojevic S, Ghosh A, Makevic V, Stojkovic M, Capovilla M, Tosti T, Budimirovic D, Protic D. Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Analyses in a Fruit Fly Model of Fragile X Syndrome Using a Video-Based Automated Behavioral Research System. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(14):7949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147949
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilojevic, Sara, Arijit Ghosh, Vedrana Makevic, Maja Stojkovic, Maria Capovilla, Tomislav Tosti, Dejan Budimirovic, and Dragana Protic. 2024. "Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Analyses in a Fruit Fly Model of Fragile X Syndrome Using a Video-Based Automated Behavioral Research System" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 14: 7949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147949