This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Open AccessArticle
Antioxidant and Emulsifying Activity of the Exopolymer Produced by Bacillus licheniformis
by
Sánchez-León Enrique
Sánchez-León Enrique 1
,
Amils Ricardo
Amils Ricardo 1,2 and
Abrusci Concepción
Abrusci Concepción 1,2,*
1
Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
2
Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158249 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 16 June 2024
/
Revised: 26 July 2024
/
Accepted: 27 July 2024
/
Published: 28 July 2024
Abstract
The exopolymer (ESPp) was obtained from Bacillus licheniformis IDN-EC, composed of a polyglutamic acid and polyglycerol phosphate chain O-substituted with αGal moieties (αGal/αGlcNH2 3:1 molar ratio) and with a 5000 Da molecular weight. The cytotoxicity activity of EPSp was determined by reducing the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) to formazan on HeLa cells. This EPS did not show cytotoxicity against the tested cell line. The ESPp presented great advantages as an antioxidant with free radical scavenging activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH),hydroxyl radical (OH), and superoxide anion (O2−)) (65 ± 1.2%, 98.7 ± 1.9%, and 97 ± 1.7%), respectively. Moreover, EPSp increased the enzyme activity for catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in HeLa cells (CAT, 2.6 ± 0.24 U/mL; and GSH-Px, 0.75 ± 0.3 U/L). The presence of ESPp showed a significant protective effect against H2O2 in the cell line studied, showing great viability (91.8 ± 2.8, 89.9 ± 2.9, and 93.5 ± 3.6%). The EPSp presented good emulsifying activity, only for vegetable oils, olive oil (50 ± 2.1%) and sesame (72 ± 3%). Sesame was effective compared to commercials products, Triton X-100 (52.38 ± 1.6%), Tween 20 (14.29 ± 1.1%), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) (52.63 ± 1.6%). Furthermore, the EPS produced at 0.6 M has potential for environmental applications, such as the removal of hazardous materials by emulsification whilst resulting in positive health effects such as antioxidant activity and non-toxicity. EPSp is presented as a good exopolysaccharide for various applications.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Enrique, S.-L.; Ricardo, A.; Concepción, A.
Antioxidant and Emulsifying Activity of the Exopolymer Produced by Bacillus licheniformis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8249.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158249
AMA Style
Enrique S-L, Ricardo A, Concepción A.
Antioxidant and Emulsifying Activity of the Exopolymer Produced by Bacillus licheniformis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(15):8249.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158249
Chicago/Turabian Style
Enrique, Sánchez-León, Amils Ricardo, and Abrusci Concepción.
2024. "Antioxidant and Emulsifying Activity of the Exopolymer Produced by Bacillus licheniformis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 15: 8249.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158249
Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details
here.
Article Metrics
Article Access Statistics
For more information on the journal statistics, click
here.
Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.