Next Article in Journal
CRKL Enhances YAP Signaling through Binding and JNK/JUN Pathway Activation in Liver Cancer
Previous Article in Journal
Plantaginis Semen Ameliorates Hyperuricemia Induced by Potassium Oxonate
Previous Article in Special Issue
The Identification and Function of Linc01615 on Influenza Virus Infection and Antiviral Response
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
IJMS
Volume 25
Issue 15
10.3390/ijms25158550
ijms-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles thumb_up
...
Endorse textsms
...
Comment
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) and Prepandemic Candidate Vaccines: State of the Art

by
Daniele Focosi
1,* and
Fabrizio Maggi
2
1
North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, 56100 Pisa, Italy
2
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8550; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158550
Submission received: 17 July 2024 / Revised: 1 August 2024 / Accepted: 3 August 2024 / Published: 5 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influenza Viruses: Infection and Genomics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Avian influenza virus has been long considered the main threat for a future pandemic. Among the possible avian influenza virus subtypes, A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b is becoming enzootic in mammals, representing an alarming step towards a pandemic. In particular, genotype B3.13 has recently caused an outbreak in US dairy cattle. Since pandemic preparedness is largely based on the availability of prepandemic candidate vaccine viruses, in this review we will summarize the current status of the enzootics, and challenges for H5 vaccine manufacturing and delivery.
Keywords: avian influenza; influenzavirus; influenza virus; H5N1; clade 2.3.4.4b; genotype B3.13; live attenuated influenza; inactivated influenza vaccines avian influenza; influenzavirus; influenza virus; H5N1; clade 2.3.4.4b; genotype B3.13; live attenuated influenza; inactivated influenza vaccines

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Focosi, D.; Maggi, F. Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) and Prepandemic Candidate Vaccines: State of the Art. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8550. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158550

AMA Style

Focosi D, Maggi F. Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) and Prepandemic Candidate Vaccines: State of the Art. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(15):8550. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158550

Chicago/Turabian Style

Focosi, Daniele, and Fabrizio Maggi. 2024. "Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) and Prepandemic Candidate Vaccines: State of the Art" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 15: 8550. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158550

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop