The Enhancement Origin of Antioxidant Property of Carboxylated Lignin Isolated from Herbaceous Biomass Using the Maleic Acid Hydrotropic Fractionation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. The Physical Properties of AHL and MWL
2.2. Chemical Structures of AHL and MWL
2.3. Assessment of Radical Scavenging Ability of AHL and MWL
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Separation of Acid Hydrotropic Lignin (AHL) from Gramineae Using Maleic Acid Hydrotropic Fractionation (MAHF) and Preparation of Milled Wood Lignin (MWL)
3.3. Characterization of AHL and MWL
3.4. DPPH and ABTS Radicals Scavenging Ability
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lignin Samples | MWL-W | MWL-S | L-M40W | L-M60W | L-M40S | L-M60S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mw | 12,817 | 13,659 | 8798 | 4664 | 7915 | 4592 |
Mn | 4589 | 4971 | 4176 | 3174 | 4067 | 3207 |
Mw/Mn | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.4 |
Interunit linkages | ||||||
β−O−4′ | 55.2 | 48.1 | 51.8 | 26.1 | 43.7 | 28.7 |
β−5′ | 6.7 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 4.4 |
β−β′ | 6.0 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 8.7 | 1.8 | 2.5 |
Condensed degree | 18.7 | 19.7 | 18.6 | 34.9 | 10.1 | 19.3 |
γ-esterification | 11.5 | 12.3 | 16.0 | 38.5 | 18.2 | 46.0 |
HKα | - | - | - | 8.2 | 2.4 | 4.2 |
Aromatic units | ||||||
S | 39 | 33 | 49 | 58 | 34 | 40 |
Cond S | - | - | 2 | 9 | 1 | 8 |
G | 58 | 63 | 48 | 39 | 63 | 57 |
Cond G | - | - | 3 | 21 | 3 | 17 |
H | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
S/G ratio | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.70 |
LCC linkages | ||||||
PhGlc | 6.2 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
BE | 7.1 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.1 |
Total | 13.3 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 2.7 |
Raw Material | Wheat Straw | Switchgrass | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fractionation | — | M40T80 t100 | M60T110 t60 | M40T80 t100 | M60T110 t60 | |
Lignin samples | MWL-W | L-M40W | L-M60W | MWL-S | L-M40S | L-M60S |
Delignification | - | 35.1 | 58.2 | 33.8 | 57.4 |
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Su, C.; Wang, X.; Deng, Y.; Min, D.; Fang, G.; Huang, C. The Enhancement Origin of Antioxidant Property of Carboxylated Lignin Isolated from Herbaceous Biomass Using the Maleic Acid Hydrotropic Fractionation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179257
Su C, Wang X, Deng Y, Min D, Fang G, Huang C. The Enhancement Origin of Antioxidant Property of Carboxylated Lignin Isolated from Herbaceous Biomass Using the Maleic Acid Hydrotropic Fractionation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179257
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu, Chen, Xiu Wang, Yongjun Deng, Douyong Min, Guigan Fang, and Chen Huang. 2024. "The Enhancement Origin of Antioxidant Property of Carboxylated Lignin Isolated from Herbaceous Biomass Using the Maleic Acid Hydrotropic Fractionation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179257