Gold Nanoparticles for Retinal Molecular Optical Imaging
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs): Synthesis and Properties as Contrast Agents
2.1. Principles and Classification of GNPs
Morphology | Synthetic Methods | Size (nm) | Maximum Absorption (nm) | Applications | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nanosphere | Seed-mediated growth method | 30 | 530 | Photothermal cancer treatment | [46] |
53 | 560 | Residual fungicide detection | [47] | ||
15 | 520 | Photoacoustic imaging | [48] | ||
26–50 | - | X-ray CT and fluorescence imaging | [49] | ||
10 | 560 | Contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging | [50] | ||
Citrate reduction method | 15 | 520–526 | Antibiofilm nanomaterial | [51] | |
12, 18 | 517, 522 | Lateral flow assay | [52] | ||
Nanorod | Seed-mediated growth method | - | 800 | Stem cell photoacoustic imaging | [53] |
10 × 50, 10 × 59 | 900, 980 | Cell labeling | [54] | ||
51 ± 5 × 23 ± 3 | 642 | Sonodynamic therapy | [55] | ||
- | 818 | Contrast agent for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging | [56] | ||
35 ± 2 × 9 ± 2 | 783 | pesticide thiram detection | [57] | ||
Nanostar | Seed-mediated growth method | 200 | 850 | Photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal therapy | [58] |
55 ± 5 | 790 | Photoacoustic imaging | [59] | ||
95 ± 7 | 820 | Lateral flow immunoassay | [60] | ||
126 ± 2.9 | 544 | Photocatalytic Water Remediation | [61] | ||
- | 520–650 | Colorimetric immunoassay | [62] | ||
One-pot method | 45 | 720 | Photoacoustic imaging | [63] | |
Surfactant-free growth method | 47 ± 17 | 718 | Cellular imaging | [64] | |
58, 78 | 600, 750 | Cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agent | [65] | ||
Nanoshell | Oldenburg method | 135.98 ± 2.36 | 799 | Chemophotothermal theragnostic agent | [66] |
Seed-mediated growth method | - | 845 | Drug release monitoring | [67] | |
22 | 539 | MR imaging and photothermal therapy | [68] | ||
271 ± 19 | - | Cancer diagnostics agent | [69] | ||
Thermal reduction | - | 523 | Exosome assay | [70] | |
Nanochain and nanocluster | pulsed laser ablation-based self-assembly | 64 × 20 | 650 | PAM, OCT imaging contrast agent | [7] |
30.0 ± 2.1 × 7.8 ± 1.1 | 610 | Imaging photosensitizer for PAM, OCT, fluorescence | [8] | ||
NaOH-mediated NaBH4 reduction | >5.5 | 274, 398 | Imaging-guided cancer immunotherapy | [71] | |
Microwave-assisted method | 3.2 ± 0.4 | - | Contrast agents for confocal fluorescence imaging | [72] |
2.2. Physicochemical and Optical Properties
2.3. Criteria for Selection of Gold-Based Contrast Agents in Retinal Imaging
3. GNPs in Optical Imaging Techniques for Retinal Applications
4. Clinical Applications and Challenges of GNPs in Retinal Imaging
4.1. Safety and Toxicity
4.2. Overcoming Limitations of Imaging Systems
4.3. Enhancing GNPs for Clinical Use in Retinal Imaging
4.4. Clinical Translation and Regulatory Considerations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Park, S.; Nguyen, V.P.; Wang, X.; Paulus, Y.M. Gold Nanoparticles for Retinal Molecular Optical Imaging. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9315. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179315
Park S, Nguyen VP, Wang X, Paulus YM. Gold Nanoparticles for Retinal Molecular Optical Imaging. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9315. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179315
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Sumin, Van Phuc Nguyen, Xueding Wang, and Yannis M. Paulus. 2024. "Gold Nanoparticles for Retinal Molecular Optical Imaging" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9315. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179315