Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stress: Advances and Future Directions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Impact of Salt and Drought Stress on Rice
2.1. Effects on Morphology, Physiology, Biochemistry, and Yield
2.2. Impact on Rice Quality
3. Mechanisms of Rice Responses to Salt and Drought Stress
3.1. Synthesis and Accumulation of Osmolytes
3.2. Regulation of Ion Balance
3.3. Regulation of the Antioxidant System
4. Transcriptional Regulatory Networks
4.1. DREB Transcription Factors
4.2. NAC Transcription Factors
4.3. bZIP Transcription Factors
4.4. WRKY Transcription Factors
4.5. MYB Transcription Factors
4.6. AP2/ERF Transcription Factors
5. Regulation by Plant Hormones
5.1. Abscisic Acid (ABA)
5.2. Gibberellins (GA)
5.3. Other Hormones
6. Breeding for Salt and Drought Tolerance in Rice
7. Future Research Directions and Application Prospects
7.1. Epigenetic Regulation
7.2. Microbial Symbiosis
7.3. Smart Agriculture Technologies
7.4. Research on Combined Stresses and Multi-Stage Stress Tolerance
7.5. Improvement of Water-Saving and Drought-Resistant Rice for Salt-Alkaline Tolerance
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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QTL | Recipient Parent | Improvement Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Saltol | PusaBasmati1 (PB1) | 24 NILs with enhanced seedling-stage salt tolerance and similar traits to the parent | [80] |
qDTY2.1; qDTY3.1 | Pusa 44 | 14 NILs with significantly better yield and grain quality under drought compared to the parent | [81] |
qDTY2.2; qDTY3.1; qDTY12.1 | MR219 | NILs with higher yield and improved drought tolerance; different QTL combinations show varying performances | [82] |
qDTY3.1; qDTY6.1; qDTY6.2 | TDK1 | High-yielding and drought-tolerant NILs | [83] |
qDTY1.1; qDTY2.1; qDTY3.1; qDTY11.1 | Samba Mahsuri | Higher yield under drought conditions | [84] |
qRL6.1; qRL12.1 | Hasawi × IR29 | Increased root length under salt stress | [85] |
qPT3.1 | Hasawi × BRRI dhan28 | Improved tillering under salt stress | [86] |
rkc3.1; rnc3.1 | Kalarata × Azucena | Enhanced root K+ and Na+ concentrations | [87] |
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Li, Q.; Zhu, P.; Yu, X.; Liu, G.; Xu, J. Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stress: Advances and Future Directions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179404
Li Q, Zhu P, Yu X, Liu G, Xu J. Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stress: Advances and Future Directions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179404
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Qingyang, Peiwen Zhu, Xinqiao Yu, Guolan Liu, and Junying Xu. 2024. "Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stress: Advances and Future Directions" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179404