The Role of Selected Elements in Oxidative Stress Protection: Key to Healthy Fertility and Reproduction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Reactive Oxygen Species in Reproductive Health
4. Impact of Trace Elements on Oxidative Stress
5. Trace Elements in Reproductive Health
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Impact on Oxidative Stress | Mechanism of Action | Examples of Parameters/ Stressors | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Selenium | Decreases oxidative stress | It is part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which neutralizes lipid peroxides and hydrogen peroxide | Decreased MDA levels, increased GSH levels | [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,52] |
Zinc | Decreases oxidative stress | Supports the function of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) | Reduced DNA damage, reduced levels of ROS | [27,28,29,30,31,32] |
Copper | Decreases oxidative stress | It is a cofactor of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which neutralizes superoxide anions | Increased SOD activity, decreased in ROS levels | [39,40,41,42,43,44] |
Manganese | Decreases oxidative stress | Manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) cofactor | Decreased MDA levels, increased MnSOD activity | [47,48,49] |
Iron | Increases oxidative stress | Participates in the Fenton reaction, which generates hydroxyl radicals | Increased MDA levels, DNA and protein damage | [25,33,34,35,36] |
Chromium | Decreases oxidative stress | Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is an essential micronutrient that supports glucose and lipid metabolism, which can indirectly reduce oxidative stress | Reduced ROS levels, improved GSH levels | [8,50,51,53] |
Increases oxidative stress | Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is toxic and can generate ROS through redox reactions, leading to cellular damage | Increased levels of ROS, damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins, increased levels of MDA |
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Wróblewski, M.; Wróblewska, W.; Sobiesiak, M. The Role of Selected Elements in Oxidative Stress Protection: Key to Healthy Fertility and Reproduction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9409. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179409
Wróblewski M, Wróblewska W, Sobiesiak M. The Role of Selected Elements in Oxidative Stress Protection: Key to Healthy Fertility and Reproduction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9409. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179409
Chicago/Turabian StyleWróblewski, Marcin, Weronika Wróblewska, and Marta Sobiesiak. 2024. "The Role of Selected Elements in Oxidative Stress Protection: Key to Healthy Fertility and Reproduction" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9409. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179409