Functions and Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in TH2 Cell-Mediated Airway Inflammatory Diseases: A Review

Cheon, Jaehwan; Kim, Byoungjae; Lee, Juhyun; Shin, Jaemin; Kim, Tae Hoon

doi:10.3390/ijms25179455

Open AccessReview

Functions and Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in T_H2 Cell-Mediated Airway Inflammatory Diseases: A Review

by

Jaehwan Cheon

^1,2,

Byoungjae Kim

^2,3

,

Juhyun Lee

^2,4,

Jaemin Shin

^2,4

and

Tae Hoon Kim

^2,4,*

¹

Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

²

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

³

Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

⁴

Mucosal Immunology Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9455; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179455

Submission received: 29 July 2024 / Revised: 24 August 2024 / Accepted: 28 August 2024 / Published: 30 August 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting-Edge Research and Applications of Extracellular Microvesicles in Disease Management)

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Abstract

Type 2 airway inflammation (T2AI), driven by type 2 innate lymphoid and CD4⁺ T helper 2 cells, leads to various diseases and conditions, such as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in these diseases. In this review, we describe the immunological T2AI pathogenic mechanisms, outline EV characteristics, and highlight their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of T2AI. An extensive literature search was conducted using appropriate strategies to identify relevant articles from various online databases. EVs in various biological samples showed disease-specific characteristics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, with some demonstrating therapeutic effects against these conditions. However, most studies have been limited to in vitro and animal models, highlighting the need for further clinical research on the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of EVs.

Keywords: type 2 inflammation; extracellular vesicles; chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp; allergic rhinitis; asthma

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cheon, J.; Kim, B.; Lee, J.; Shin, J.; Kim, T.H. Functions and Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in T_H2 Cell-Mediated Airway Inflammatory Diseases: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9455. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179455

AMA Style

Cheon J, Kim B, Lee J, Shin J, Kim TH. Functions and Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in T_H2 Cell-Mediated Airway Inflammatory Diseases: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9455. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179455

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheon, Jaehwan, Byoungjae Kim, Juhyun Lee, Jaemin Shin, and Tae Hoon Kim. 2024. "Functions and Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in T_H2 Cell-Mediated Airway Inflammatory Diseases: A Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9455. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179455

APA Style

Cheon, J., Kim, B., Lee, J., Shin, J., & Kim, T. H. (2024). Functions and Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in T_H2 Cell-Mediated Airway Inflammatory Diseases: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(17), 9455. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179455

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Functions and Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in T_H2 Cell-Mediated Airway Inflammatory Diseases: A Review

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