Methamphetamine Increases Tubulo-Vesicular Areas While Dissipating Proteins from Vesicles Involved in Cell Clearance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. A Moderate Dose of METH (100 µM) Produces Partial Cell Loss and Cell Degeneration
2.2. Specific Vesicular Markers Increase Following METH (100 µM)
2.3. TEM Shows Variations of Tubulo-Vesicular Structures Following METH
2.4. METH Modifies the Amount and Placement of Specific Hallmark Proteins in PC12 Cells as Assessed by Immunogold
2.4.1. LC3
2.4.2. p62
2.4.3. P20S
2.4.4. LAMP1
2.4.5. Cat-D
2.4.6. Combined Immunogold
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Cultures
4.2. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Histochemistry
4.3. FluoroJade-B (FJ-B) Histofluorescence
4.4. Immunocytochemistry by Light Microscopy
4.5. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
4.6. Plain Electron Microscopy
4.7. Immunogold Electron Microscopy
4.8. Extended Statistical Analysis (Procedures, Sampling, Bias Inference)
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CONTROL | METH | |
---|---|---|
LC3 + p62 | 1.02 µm2 ± 0.13 µm2 | 7.8 µm2 ± 0.6 µm2 * |
LC3 + P20S | 0.97 µm2 ± 0.06 µm2 | 4.4 µm2 ± 0.2 µm2 * |
LC3 + LAMP1 | 1.0 µm2 ± 0.05 µm2 | 6.1 µm2 ± 0.3 µm2 * |
LC3 + Cat-D | 0.88 µm2 ± 0.1 µm2 | 4.3 µm2 ± 0.2 µm2 * |
LC3 + Mitogreen | 0.87 µm2 ± 0.07 µm2 | 3.8 µm2 ± 0.2 µm2 * |
CONTROLS | METH | |
---|---|---|
Autophagosomes | 22.34 ± 1.32% | 27.08 ± 1,05% * |
Lysosomes | 18.65 ± 1.10% | 4.19 ± 0.37% * |
Damaged mitochondria | 6.40 ± 0.50% | 14.21 ± 1.00% * |
Healthy mitochondria | 10.87 ± 0.49% | 4.07 ± 0.28% * |
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) | 5.36 ± 0.23% | 5.02 ± 0.30% |
Others | 36.38 ± 1.80% | 45.43 ± 1.69% * |
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Lazzeri, G.; Lenzi, P.; Busceti, C.L.; Puglisi-Allegra, S.; Ferrucci, M.; Fornai, F. Methamphetamine Increases Tubulo-Vesicular Areas While Dissipating Proteins from Vesicles Involved in Cell Clearance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179601
Lazzeri G, Lenzi P, Busceti CL, Puglisi-Allegra S, Ferrucci M, Fornai F. Methamphetamine Increases Tubulo-Vesicular Areas While Dissipating Proteins from Vesicles Involved in Cell Clearance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179601
Chicago/Turabian StyleLazzeri, Gloria, Paola Lenzi, Carla L. Busceti, Stefano Puglisi-Allegra, Michela Ferrucci, and Francesco Fornai. 2024. "Methamphetamine Increases Tubulo-Vesicular Areas While Dissipating Proteins from Vesicles Involved in Cell Clearance" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179601