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Article

Efficient Solution-Phase Dipeptide Synthesis Using Titanium Tetrachloride and Microwave Heating

by
Palmira Alessia Cavallaro
,
Marzia De Santo
,
Rocco Marinaro
,
Emilia Lucia Belsito
,
Angelo Liguori
and
Antonella Leggio
*
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9729; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179729
Submission received: 1 August 2024 / Revised: 3 September 2024 / Accepted: 4 September 2024 / Published: 8 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics)
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Abstract

Microwaves have been successfully employed in the Lewis acid titanium tetrachloride-assisted synthesis of peptide systems. Dipeptide systems with their amino function differently protected with urethane protecting groups have been synthesized in short periods of time and with high yields. The formation of the peptide bond between the two reacting amino acids was achieved in pyridine by using titanium tetrachloride as a condensing agent and heating the reaction mixture with a microwave reactor. The reaction conditions are compatible with amino acids featuring various side chains and different protecting groups on both the amino function and side chains. Additionally, the substrates retain their chiral integrity after reaction.
Keywords: titanium tetrachloride; Lewis acid; dipeptides; microwaves; peptide synthesis; condensing agent titanium tetrachloride; Lewis acid; dipeptides; microwaves; peptide synthesis; condensing agent

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cavallaro, P.A.; De Santo, M.; Marinaro, R.; Belsito, E.L.; Liguori, A.; Leggio, A. Efficient Solution-Phase Dipeptide Synthesis Using Titanium Tetrachloride and Microwave Heating. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179729

AMA Style

Cavallaro PA, De Santo M, Marinaro R, Belsito EL, Liguori A, Leggio A. Efficient Solution-Phase Dipeptide Synthesis Using Titanium Tetrachloride and Microwave Heating. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179729

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cavallaro, Palmira Alessia, Marzia De Santo, Rocco Marinaro, Emilia Lucia Belsito, Angelo Liguori, and Antonella Leggio. 2024. "Efficient Solution-Phase Dipeptide Synthesis Using Titanium Tetrachloride and Microwave Heating" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179729

APA Style

Cavallaro, P. A., De Santo, M., Marinaro, R., Belsito, E. L., Liguori, A., & Leggio, A. (2024). Efficient Solution-Phase Dipeptide Synthesis Using Titanium Tetrachloride and Microwave Heating. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(17), 9729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179729

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