Exploratory Metabolomics and Lipidomics Profiling Contributes to Understanding How Curcumin Improves Quality of Goat Semen Stored at 16 °C in Tropical Areas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Impact of Curcumin Supplementation on Sperm Kinetic Parameters
2.2. The Impact of Curcumin on Sperm Quality When Preserved at 16 °C
2.3. Effect of Curcumin on the Antioxidant Properties of Sperm Preserved at 16 °C
2.4. Effect of Curcumin on Mitochondrial Function When Preserved at 16 °C
2.5. Metabolite Profiles in Sperm
2.6. Cluster Analysis of the Differentially Expressed Metabolites
2.7. Screening and Identification of Differential Metabolites
2.8. KEGG Enrichment Analysis of Differential Metabolites
2.9. Identification of Lipid Species and Quantification and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
2.10. Screening and Clustering Analysis of Potential Lipid Molecular Markers
2.11. Correlation among Diverse Lipids
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Design
- (1)
- The effect of curcumin on semen quality (sperm motility, sperm plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, and motor performance).
- (2)
- The effect of curcumin on the antioxidant capacity of semen.
- (3)
- Metabolomic sequencing of the effects of curcumin on semen (Con: fresh semen; 3day: semen preserved for three days after adding diluent only; 3day-cur: semen preserved for three days after adding 25 µmol/L Cur).
- (4)
- Lipidomic sequencing of the effects of curcumin on semen (Con: fresh semen; 3day: semen preserved for three days after adding diluent only; 3day-cur: semen preserved for three days after adding 25 µmol/L Cur).
4.2. Preparation of Diluent
4.3. Collection and Dilution of Seminal Fluid
4.4. Detection of Sperm Quality
4.4.1. Sperm Motility Performance
4.4.2. Integrity of the Plasma Membrane
4.4.3. Integrity of the Acrosome
4.5. Detection of the Antioxidant Properties
4.6. Mitochondrial Function Assays
4.7. Statistical Analysis
4.8. Extraction of Metabolites
4.9. LC-MS Detection of the Metabolome
4.10. Metabolome Data Processing and Analysis
4.11. Lipid Extraction
4.12. Lipid Group LC-MS Detection
4.13. Lipidome Data Processing and Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
LPO | Lipid peroxidation |
PUFA | Polyunsaturated fatty acids |
Cur | Curcumin |
MDA | Malondialdehyde |
SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
CAT | Catalase |
T-AOC | Total antioxidant capacity |
ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
MMP | Mitochondrial membrane potential. |
HOST | Hypo-osmotic swelling test |
VSL | Straight-line velocity |
VAP | Average path velocity |
VCL | Curvilinear velocity |
FC | Fold change |
LC-MS | Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer |
PCA | Principal component analysis |
OPLS-DA | Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis |
RPTs | Response rank tests |
VIP | Variable importance projection |
DAMs | Differential accumulation metabolites |
KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
TG | Triglycerides |
DG | Diglycerides |
PE | Phosphatidylethanolamine |
AcCa | Acylcarnitine |
PI | Phosphatidylinositols |
AA | Arachidonic acid |
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Index | Time of Storage (h) | Control | 5 μmol/L | 15 μmol/L | 25 μmol/L | 50 μmol/L |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VSL (μm/s) | 0 | 30.63 ± 0.48 | 30.55 ± 1.20 | 29.12 ± 0.60 | 29.53 ± 10.38 | 30.12 ± 1.23 |
24 | 27.05 ± 1.18 | 26.42 ± 0.39 | 26.85 ± 1.99 | 27.45 ± 1.00 | 26.27 ± 0.37 | |
48 | 21.18 ± 1.23 b | 20.82 ± 0.70 b | 21.38 ± 0.68 ab | 22.77 ± 0.43 a | 20.73 ± 0.48 b | |
72 | 11.50 ± 0.75 | 11.60 ± 1.08 | 11.25 ± 0.96 | 11.43 ± 1.62 | 11.00 ± 1.13 | |
VCL (μm/s) | 0 | 32.07 ± 1.33 | 32.35 ± 1.42 | 32.02 ± 1.90 | 32.26 ± 1.45 | 31.63 ± 1.49 |
24 | 27.24 ± 0.46 a | 25.66 ± 0.89 b | 25.63 ± 0.46 b | 25.90 ± 0.51 b | 25.07 ± 0.41 b | |
48 | 21.45 ± 1.19 | 20.80 ± 0.73 | 20.81 ± 0.65 | 21.63 ± 0.41 | 20.50 ± 1.09 | |
72 | 15.70 ± 0.40 ab | 15.96 ± 0.47 ab | 16.06 ± 0.94 b | 16.66 ± 0.99 a | 15.18 ± 0.70 a | |
VAP (μm/s) | 0 | 46.91 ± 1.36 | 47.20 ± 1.61 | 47.11 ± 1.11 | 47.27 ± 2.48 | 47.04 ± 1.30 |
24 | 44.75 ± 0.74 | 45.39 ± 0.96 | 44.53 ± 0.43 | 44.75 ± 0.96 | 45.24 ± 1.01 | |
48 | 40.13 ± 0.61 | 39.72 ± 1.21 | 39.76 ± 0.56 | 40.24 ± 0.61 | 39.43 ± 0.77 | |
72 | 37.57 ± 0.67 ab | 37.48 ± 0.93 ab | 36.72 ± 0.48 b | 38.17 ± 0.31 a | 36.43 ± 0.85 b |
Lipid Ion | Lipid Group | Ion Formula | FC | p-Value | VIP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PE(18:1_14:0) - H | PE(32:1) - H | C37 H71 O8 N1 P1 | 183.51 | 0.038 | 2.12 |
PE(16:0_18:1) - H | PE(34:1) - H | C39 H75 O8 N1 P1 | 7.49 | 0.019 | 1.34 |
PE(38:7e) - H | PE(38:7e) - H | C43 H73 O7 N1 P1 | 2262.42 | 0.026 | 8.03 |
PS(20:2e_20:4) - H | PS(40:6e) - H | C46 H79 O9 N1 P1 | 21.89 | 0.014 | 1.27 |
Hex2Cer(d16:0_20:3) + HCOO | Hex2Cer(d36:3) + HCOO | C49 H88 O15 N1 | 0.29 | 0.036 | 1.09 |
Hex2Cer(d16:0_20:4) + HCOO | Hex2Cer(d36:4) + HCOO | C49 H86 O15 N1 | 0.32 | 0.030 | 2.59 |
Hex2Cer(t33:2) + HCOO | Hex2Cer(t33:2) + HCOO | C46 H84 O16 N1 | 72.23 | 0.012 | 1.36 |
LPC(16:0e) + HCOO | LPC(16:0e) + HCOO | C25 H53 O8 N1 P1 | 7.35 | 0.003 | 1.82 |
LPC(16:1e) + HCOO | LPC(16:1e) + HCOO | C25 H51 O8 N1 P1 | 9.11 | 0.010 | 3.33 |
LPE(16:1e) - H | LPE(16:1e) - H | C21 H43 O6 N1 P1 | 22.55 | 0.006 | 2.32 |
LPE(18:0) - H | LPE(18:0) - H | C23 H47 O7 N1 P1 | 25.48 | 0.004 | 1.25 |
DG(18:0_16:0) + NH4 | DG(34:0) + NH4 | C37 H76 O5 N1 | 2.97 | 0.028 | 1.93 |
DG(18:0_18:0) + NH4 | DG(36:0) + NH4 | C39 H80 O5 N1 | 6.70 | 0.011 | 3.16 |
DG(18:0_18:1) + NH4 | DG(36:1) + NH4 | C39 H78 O5 N1 | 3.98 | 0.023 | 1.55 |
DG(16:0_20:3) + H | DG(36:3) + H | C39 H71 O5 | 3.05 | 0.020 | 1.93 |
DG(18:0_20:4) + H | DG(38:4) + H | C41 H73 O5 | 4.55 | 0.016 | 1.69 |
DG(18:0_22:5) + NH4 | DG(40:5) + NH4 | C43 H78 O5 N1 | 5.96 | 0.001 | 1.05 |
Hex1SPH(m18:0) + H - H2O | Hex1SPH(m18:0) + H - H2O | C24 H48 O5 N1 | 0.56 | 0.043 | 2.00 |
LPC(15:0) + H | LPC(15:0) + H | C23 H49 O7 N1 P1 | 22.55 | 0.006 | 1.50 |
LPC(18:3e) + H | LPC(18:3e) + H | C26 H51 O6 N1 P1 | 12.27 | 0.004 | 3.04 |
PC(29:1) + H | PC(29:1) + H | C37 H73 O8 N1 P1 | 27.90 | 0.043 | 1.90 |
PC(31:1) + H | PC(31:1) + H | C39 H77 O8 N1 P1 | 8.52 | 0.023 | 1.92 |
PC(18:3e_18:1) + H | PC(36:4e) + H | C44 H83 O7 N1 P1 | 2.35 | 0.009 | 1.64 |
PC(20:4e_20:5) + H | PC(40:9e) + H | C48 H81 O7 N1 P1 | 1.96 | 0.038 | 1.45 |
PE(12:0e_6:0) + H | PE(18:0e) + H | C23 H49 O7 N1 P1 | 22.58 | 0.006 | 1.49 |
PE(16:0e_20:2) + Na | PE(36:2e) + Na | C41 H80 O7 N1 P1 Na1 | 2.52 | 0.033 | 1.55 |
PE(39:5e) + H | PE(39:5e) + H | C44 H81 O7 N1 P1 | 2.48 | 0.006 | 4.78 |
Cer(d23:0_16:1) + H | Cer(d39:1) + H | C39 H78 O3 N1 | 2.06 | 0.043 | 1.36 |
PG(20:0_14:0) + H | PG(34:0) + H | C40 H80 O10 N0 P1 | 2.48 | 0.036 | 2.92 |
PI(40:5) + NH4 | PI(40:5) + NH4 | C49 H89 O13 N1 P1 | 0.32 | 0.047 | 3.90 |
PI(40:6) + NH4 | PI(40:6) + NH4 | C49 H87 O13 N1 P1 | 0.27 | 0.033 | 1.06 |
PI(40:7e) + NH4 | PI(40:7e) + NH4 | C49 H87 O12 N1 P1 | 0.30 | 0.043 | 2.69 |
TG(4:0_10:4_12:3) + NH4 | TG(26:7) + NH4 | C29 H44 O6 N1 | 10.85 | 0.009 | 4.93 |
TG(4:0_11:3_18:3) + Na | TG(33:6) + Na | C36 H56 O6 Na1 | 0.63 | 0.047 | 1.15 |
TG(12:0e_8:0_14:0) + Na | TG(34:0e) + Na | C37 H72 O5 Na1 | 3.02 | 0.029 | 1.82 |
TG(20:0e_8:0_8:0) + Na | TG(36:0e) + Na | C39 H76 O5 Na1 | 170.56 | 0.003 | 3.58 |
TG(12:0e_6:0_18:3) + H | TG(36:3e) + H | C39 H71 O5 | 3.00 | 0.028 | 1.82 |
TG(14:0e_12:0_12:3) + H | TG(38:3e) + H | C41 H75 O5 | 6.54 | 0.012 | 2.87 |
TG(38:9e) + Na | TG(38:9e) + Na | C41 H62 O5 Na1 | 0.23 | 0.037 | 1.37 |
TG(16:0_16:1_18:1) + NH4 | TG(50:2) + NH4 | C53 H102 O6 N1 | 1.56 | 0.047 | 2.09 |
TG(16:0_18:1_18:1) + NH4 | TG(52:2) + NH4 | C55 H106 O6 N1 | 2.01 | 0.029 | 1.58 |
TG(18:1_18:1_18:1) + NH4 | TG(54:3) + NH4 | C57 H108 O6 N1 | 1.92 | 0.050 | 1.20 |
TG(18:1_18:1_18:2) + NH4 | TG(54:4) + NH4 | C57 H106 O6 N1 | 1.87 | 0.040 | 1.11 |
CerP(d45:0) + H | CerP(d45:0) + H | C45 H93 O6 N1 P1 | 1.70 | 0.047 | 2.07 |
CerP(m20:0_25:0+O) + H | CerP(m45:0+O) + H | C45 H93 O6 N1 P1 | 1.76 | 0.040 | 2.23 |
DG(16:0_16:0) + NH4 | DG(32:0) + NH4 | C35 H72 O5 N1 | 2.74 | 0.050 | 2.67 |
Lipid Ion | Lipid Group | Ion Formula | FC | p-Value | VIP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PE(16:0_18:1) - H | PE(34:1) - H | C39 H75 O8 N1 P1 | 0.19 | 0.028 | 1.34 |
PE(38:7e) - H | PE(38:7e) - H | C43 H73 O7 N1 P1 | 0.00 | 0.026 | 8.73 |
PS(20:2e_20:4) - H | PS(40:6e) - H | C46 H79 O9 N1 P1 | 0.06 | 0.015 | 1.34 |
PS(18:3e_22:5) - H | PS(40:8e) - H | C46 H75 O9 N1 P1 | 0.39 | 0.042 | 1.36 |
LPE(18:0) - H | LPE(18:0) - H | C23 H47 O7 N1 P1 | 0.07 | 0.004 | 1.36 |
AcCa(14:1) + H | AcCa(14:1) + H | C21 H40 O4 N1 | 0.14 | 0.037 | 1.47 |
AcCa(15:0) + H | AcCa(15:0) + H | C22 H44 O4 N1 | 0.17 | 0.021 | 1.06 |
LPC(15:0) + H | LPC(15:0) + H | C23 H49 O7 N1 P1 | 0.07 | 0.007 | 1.64 |
LSM(d20:1) + H | LSM(d20:1) + H | C25 H54 O5 N2 P1 | 1.70 | 0.032 | 1.01 |
PC(29:1) + H | PC(29:1) + H | C37 H73 O8 N1 P1 | 0.05 | 0.045 | 3.23 |
PC(31:1) + H | PC(31:1) + H | C39 H77 O8 N1 P1 | 0.19 | 0.035 | 1.89 |
PC(23:1_11:2) + H | PC(34:3) + H | C42 H79 O8 N1 P1 | 2.90 | 0.005 | 2.15 |
PC(40:8e) + H | PC(40:8e) + H | C48 H83 O7 N1 P1 | 0.48 | 0.038 | 5.30 |
PE(12:0e_6:0) + H | PE(18:0e) + H | C23 H49 O7 N1 P1 | 0.07 | 0.007 | 1.63 |
PE(22:5_18:2) + Na | PE(40:7) + Na | C45 H76 O8 N1 P1 Na1 | 0.41 | 0.005 | 1.41 |
PE(20:5_22:5) + H | PE(42:10) + H | C47 H75 O8 N1 P1 | 0.41 | 0.005 | 1.40 |
AcCa(18:3) + H | AcCa(18:3) + H | C25 H44 O4 N1 | 0.17 | 0.010 | 1.29 |
AcCa(18:4) + H | AcCa(18:4) + H | C25 H42 O4 N1 | 0.08 | 0.002 | 1.19 |
AcCa(20:0) + H | AcCa(20:0) + H | C27 H54 O4 N1 | 0.21 | 0.035 | 1.64 |
AcCa(20:3) + H | AcCa(20:3) + H | C27 H48 O4 N1 | 0.23 | 0.046 | 2.24 |
AcCa(20:4) + H | AcCa(20:4) + H | C27 H46 O4 N1 | 0.05 | 0.005 | 6.09 |
AcCa(20:5) + H | AcCa(20:5) + H | C27 H44 O4 N1 | 0.05 | 0.005 | 6.11 |
CerG3GNAc1(d42:2) + H | CerG3GNAc1(d42:2) + H | C68 H125 O23 N2 | 1.92 | 0.044 | 1.01 |
AcCa(22:4) + H | AcCa(22:4) + H | C29 H50 O4 N1 | 0.04 | 0.000 | 2.21 |
AcCa(22:5) + H | AcCa(22:5) + H | C29 H48 O4 N1 | 0.06 | 0.003 | 8.41 |
AcCa(22:6) + H | AcCa(22:6) + H | C29 H46 O4 N1 | 0.14 | 0.042 | 7.85 |
AcCa(14:0) + H | AcCa(14:0) + H | C21 H42 O4 N1 | 0.10 | 0.027 | 7.06 |
DG(24:5e) + NH4 | DG(24:5e) + NH4 | C27 H48 O4 N1 | 0.23 | 0.045 | 2.24 |
DG(26:6) + NH4 | DG(26:6) + NH4 | C29 H48 O5 N1 | 0.30 | 0.008 | 1.14 |
DG(18:3e_10:4) + NH4 | DG(28:7e) + NH4 | C31 H52 O4 N1 | 2.73 | 0.041 | 1.29 |
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An, Z.; Shi, L.; Zhou, H.; Hou, G.; Xun, W. Exploratory Metabolomics and Lipidomics Profiling Contributes to Understanding How Curcumin Improves Quality of Goat Semen Stored at 16 °C in Tropical Areas. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10200. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810200
An Z, Shi L, Zhou H, Hou G, Xun W. Exploratory Metabolomics and Lipidomics Profiling Contributes to Understanding How Curcumin Improves Quality of Goat Semen Stored at 16 °C in Tropical Areas. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(18):10200. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810200
Chicago/Turabian StyleAn, Zhaoxiang, Liguang Shi, Hanlin Zhou, Guanyu Hou, and Wenjuan Xun. 2024. "Exploratory Metabolomics and Lipidomics Profiling Contributes to Understanding How Curcumin Improves Quality of Goat Semen Stored at 16 °C in Tropical Areas" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 18: 10200. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810200