Altered Endoplasmic Reticulum Integrity and Organelle Interactions in Living Cells Expressing INF2 Variants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Wild-Type INF2 Preferentially Localizes to the ER
2.2. Pathogenic INF2 Variants Alter ER Morphology
2.3. Effects of Cytoskeleton Inhibitors on ER Patterns in WT-INF2 and Variant Cells
2.4. INF2 Variants Alter Mitochondria Morphology and Distribution in Living HeLa Cells
2.5. Functional Mitochondrial Deficits in HeLa Cells Expressing INF2 Variants
3. Discussion
3.1. Defective ER Structures in Human Disorders
3.2. Role of Actin in Control of ER Morphology
3.3. Roles of Microtubules in Control of ER Structure
3.4. Comparison of Defective ER Morphology among Pathogenic INF2 Variants
3.5. Defective ER–Mitochondria Contacts in Disorders Related to INF2 Variants
3.6. Role of INF2 Activity Regulation in Disease Phenotype
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plasmid Constructs
4.2. Organelle Markers
4.3. Cell Culture and Transfection
4.4. Live Cell Imaging by the Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy
4.5. Actin and Microtubule Inhibitors
4.6. Mitochondrial Respiration Assay
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tran, Q.T.H.; Kondo, N.; Ueda, H.; Matsuo, Y.; Tsukaguchi, H. Altered Endoplasmic Reticulum Integrity and Organelle Interactions in Living Cells Expressing INF2 Variants. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189783
Tran QTH, Kondo N, Ueda H, Matsuo Y, Tsukaguchi H. Altered Endoplasmic Reticulum Integrity and Organelle Interactions in Living Cells Expressing INF2 Variants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(18):9783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189783
Chicago/Turabian StyleTran, Quynh Thuy Huong, Naoyuki Kondo, Hiroko Ueda, Yoshiyuki Matsuo, and Hiroyasu Tsukaguchi. 2024. "Altered Endoplasmic Reticulum Integrity and Organelle Interactions in Living Cells Expressing INF2 Variants" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 18: 9783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189783