Variation in Ants’ Chemical Recognition Signals across Vineyard Agroecosystems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Soil Sampling Results
2.1.1. Soil’s Main Chemical and Physical Properties
2.1.2. Soil Respiration: bSR and nSR
2.2. Lasius Paralienus Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile Description and Comparisons
2.2.1. Univariate Analyses on the CHC Profile Variation
2.2.2. Multivariate Analyses on the CHC Profile
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Collection
4.2. Chemical Analyses
4.3. Soil Samples Analyses
4.4. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Profile Features | Linear Alkane | Linear Alkene | Methylated Linear Alkane | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monomethyl- Alkanes | Dimethyl- Alkanes | Trimethyl- Alkanes | Methylated Linear Alkane Total | |||
CHC number | 5 | 1 | 45 | 69 | 15 | 129 |
CHC compound class (%) | 3.70 | 0.74 | 33.34 | 51.11 | 11.11 | 95.56 |
Number of peaks | 4 1 | 0 2 | 11 3 | 17 3 | 9 3 | 43 1,2,3 |
Peak compound class (%) | 8.16 | 0 | 22.45 | 34.69 | 18.37 | 87.76 |
Peak Correspondence | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Peak Identified Compounds | n | Peak Identified Compounds | n | Peak Identified Compounds |
1 | n-C28 | 18 | 5,15-, 5,13-, 5,9-diMeC31 | 35 | 5,9,15-, 5,7,15-triMeC33 |
2 | n-C29 | 19 | 7,11,15-triMeC31 | 36 | 17-, 16-, 15-, 14-, 13-, 12-MeC34 |
3 | 15-, 13-, 11-MeC29 | 20 | 5,9,15-triMeC31+ 5,7,15-, 5,7,13-, 5,7,11-triMeC31 | 37 | 8,16-diMeC34 |
4 | 3-MeC29 | 21 | 16-, 15-, 14-, 13-, 12-, 11-, 10-MeC32 | 38 | 8,12,16-triMeC34 |
5 | 5,15-, 5,13-, 5,9-diMeC29 | 22 | 9-MeC32+8,16-, 8,14-, 8,12-diMeC32 | 39 | 6,16-, 6,14-, 6,12-diMeC34 |
6 | n-C30 | 23 | 6-MeC32 | 40 | 4,16-, 4,14-, 4,12-diMeC34 |
7 | 5,9,11-triMeC29 | 24 | 4-MeC32+8,12,15-triMeC32+8,16, 8,14-, 8,12-diMeC32 | 41 | 17-, 15-, 13-MeC35 |
8 | 15-, 14-, 13-, 12-, 11-MeC30+9,12-diMeC30 | 25 | 6,16-, 6,14-, 6,12-, 6,10-diMeC32+5,15-, 5,13-diMeC32 | 42 | 13,21-diMeC35 |
9 | 4-MeC30+7,14-diMeC30 | 26 | 4,16-, 4,14-, 4,12, 4,10-, 4,8-diMeC32 | 43 | 7,27-, 7,25-, 7,23-, 7,21-, 7,19-, 7,17-diMeC35 |
10 | X-C31:1+5,15-diMeC30+6,12-diMeC30 | 27 | n-C33+6,10,16-triMeC32 | 44 | 5,19-, 5,17-, 5,15-, 5,13, 5,9-diMeC35 |
11 | 4,14-, 4,12-, 4,10-, 4,8-diMeC30 | 28 | 4,8,16-triMeC32 | 45 | 5,9,15-triMeC35 |
12 | n-C31 | 29 | 17-, 15-, 13-, 11-MeC33 | 46 | 8,18-diMeC36 |
13 | 4,8,14-triMeC30 | 30 | 7-MeC33 | 47 | 14,22-diMeC36+12,24-diMeC36 |
14 | 15-, 13-, 11-, 9-MeC31 | 31 | 5-MeC33+13,21-diMeC33+11,17-diMeC33+9,17-diMeC33 | 48 | 19-, 17-, 15-, 13-MeC37 |
15 | 5-MeC31 | 32 | 7,25-, 7,21-, 7,19-, 7,17-diMeC33 | 49 | 13,23-diMeC37 |
16 | 9,15-, 9,13-diMeC31 | 33 | 5,17-, 5,15-, 5,13-, 5,9-diMeC33 | ||
17 | 7,23-, 7-19-diMeC31+3-MeC31 | 34 | 7,11,15-triMeC33 |
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Hais, A.; Casacci, L.P.; d’Ettorre, P.; Badía-Villas, D.; Leroy, C.; Barbero, F. Variation in Ants’ Chemical Recognition Signals across Vineyard Agroecosystems. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910407
Hais A, Casacci LP, d’Ettorre P, Badía-Villas D, Leroy C, Barbero F. Variation in Ants’ Chemical Recognition Signals across Vineyard Agroecosystems. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(19):10407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910407
Chicago/Turabian StyleHais, Arthur, Luca Pietro Casacci, Patrizia d’Ettorre, David Badía-Villas, Chloé Leroy, and Francesca Barbero. 2024. "Variation in Ants’ Chemical Recognition Signals across Vineyard Agroecosystems" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19: 10407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910407