Neutrophil Diversity (Immature, Aged, and Low-Density Neutrophils) and Functional Plasticity: Possible Impacts of Iron Overload in β-Thalassemia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Neutrophil Diversity in β-Thalassemia
2.2. Defects of Neutrophil Function in β-Thalassemia
2.3. Elevation of Low-Density Neutrophils and the T Cells Suppression in β-Thalassemia
2.4. Impacts of Hemolysis and Iron Overload in Neutrophil Functions, the In Vitro Experiments
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Participants
4.2. Isolation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) and Neutrophils
4.3. Neutrophil Stimulation
4.4. Flow Cytometry Analysis
4.5. Human T Cell Isolation and Proliferation Assay
4.6. Wright Giemsa Stain Assay
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients (23) * | Control (20) * | |
---|---|---|
Age (Year) | 22 ± 3 | 22 ± 7 |
Gender (Female/Male) | 14/18 | 12/8 |
Serum Endotoxin (EU/mL) # | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0 |
Splenectomy (%) | 6/23 (26%) | None |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) # | 8.5 ± 0.6 | 13 ± 3 |
No. of Transfusions (6 Months before Recruitment) | 4.5 ± 1.3 | None |
Lymphocyte Count (×103/mL) | 11.3 ± 6.5 | 13.1 ± 4.5 |
Platelet (×105/mL) | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 1.9 ± 1.5 |
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) # | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
Direct Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.1 |
Indirect Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
Fasting Plasma Glucose (mg/dL) | 92 ± 11 | 82 ± 17 |
Serum Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 0.9 |
Serum Phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.8 |
Serum Albumin (g/dL) | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.3 |
Serum Alanine Transaminase (ALT) (U/L) # | 117 ± 25 | 22 ± 15 |
Serum Aspartate Transaminase (AST) (U/L) # | 102 ± 35 | 30 ± 7 |
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL) | 22 ± 5 | 21 ± 4 |
Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
Serum Ferritin (ng/mL) | 3172 ± 1244 | 97 ± 27 |
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Sae-Khow, K.; Charoensappakit, A.; Leelahavanichkul, A. Neutrophil Diversity (Immature, Aged, and Low-Density Neutrophils) and Functional Plasticity: Possible Impacts of Iron Overload in β-Thalassemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910651
Sae-Khow K, Charoensappakit A, Leelahavanichkul A. Neutrophil Diversity (Immature, Aged, and Low-Density Neutrophils) and Functional Plasticity: Possible Impacts of Iron Overload in β-Thalassemia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(19):10651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910651
Chicago/Turabian StyleSae-Khow, Kritsanawan, Awirut Charoensappakit, and Asada Leelahavanichkul. 2024. "Neutrophil Diversity (Immature, Aged, and Low-Density Neutrophils) and Functional Plasticity: Possible Impacts of Iron Overload in β-Thalassemia" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19: 10651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910651