Analysis of ICAM-1 rs3093030, VCAM-1 rs3783605, and E-Selectin rs1805193 Polymorphisms in African Women Living with HIV and Preeclampsia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Clinical Characteristics
2.2. Genotype and Allele Frequencies of SNPs rs3093030, rs783605, and rs1805193
2.3. Rs3093030
2.3.1. Genotypic Frequencies across Study Groups
- HIV status irrespective of pregnancy type—The rs3093030 genotype frequencies were TT 26 (12.80%), TC 44 (21.67%), and CC 133 (65.51%) in HIV-negative compared to TT 30 (14.85%), TC 36 (17.82%), and CC 136 (67.32%) in HIV-positive women.
- Pregnancy type irrespective of HIV status—The rs3093030 genotype frequencies were TT 20 (9.95%), TC 39 (19.40%), and CC 142 (70.64%) in normotensive pregnant and TT 36 (17.64%), TC 41 (20.09%), and CC 127 (62.25%) in preeclamptic women.
- Across study groups—The genotype frequencies of rs3093030 in normotensive pregnant HIV-negative women were TT 10 (9.80%), TC 21 (20.58%), and CC 71 (69.60%) compared to TT 16 (15.84%), TC 23 (22.77%), and CC 62 (61.38%) in the preeclamptic HIV-negative group. The genotype frequencies of rs3093030 in normotensive pregnant HIV-positive women were TT 10 (10.10%), TC 18 (18.18%), and CC 71 (71.71%) compared to TT 20 (19.4%), TC 18 (17.47%), and CC 65 (63.10%) in the preeclamptic HIV-positive groups (Table 2).
2.3.2. Allelic Frequencies across Study Groups
- HIV status irrespective of pregnancy type—The allele frequencies T and C were 96 (23.64%) and 310 (76.35%) in HIV-negative and 69 (23.76%) compared to 308 (76.23%) in HIV-positive women (Table 2).
- Pregnancy type irrespective of HIV status—The allele frequencies T and C were 79 (19.65%) and 323 (80.34%) in normotensive pregnant compared to 113 (27.69%) and 295 (72.30%) in the preeclamptic group. Stratification of the preeclamptic group showed the allele frequencies of T and C were 43 (21.07%) and 161 (78.92%) in EOPE compared to 70 (34.31%) and 134 (65.68%) in the LOPE group (Table 2).
- Across the groups—The allele frequencies of T and C were 41 (20.09%) and 163 (79.90%) in normotensive pregnant HIV-negative versus 55 (27.22%) and 147 (72.77%) in preeclamptic HIV-negative women, respectively. The allele frequencies T and C were 38 (19.19%) and 160 (80.80%) in normotensive pregnant HIV-positive and 58 (28.15%) and 148 (71.84%) in preeclamptic HIV-positive women (Table 2).
2.3.3. Correlations between the Study Groups
- a.
- Normotensive HIV-Negative Pregnant Women vs. Preeclamptic HIV-Negative
- b.
- Normotensive Pregnant HIV-Positive vs. Preeclamptic HIV-Positive
- c.
- Normotensive Pregnant vs. Preeclamptic Groups Irrespective of HIV Status
- d.
- Early-Onset Preeclampsia vs. Late-Onset Preeclampsia Groups Irrespective of HIV Status
- e.
- Normotensive vs. Early-Onset Preeclamptic Women Irrespective of HIV Status
- f.
- Normotensive vs. Late-Onset Preeclampsia Women Irrespective of HIV Status
- g.
- HIV-Negative vs. HIV-Positive Women Irrespective of Pregnancy Type
2.4. rs3783605
2.4.1. Genotypic Frequencies across Study Groups
- HIV status irrespective of pregnancy type—The rs3783605 genotype frequencies were GG 18 (8.86%), AG 30 (14.77%), and AA 155 (76.35%) in HIV-negative women compared to GG 25 (12.37%), AG 36 (17.82%), and AA 141 (69.80%) in HIV-positive women.
- Pregnancy type irrespective of HIV status—The rs3783605 genotype frequencies were GG 10 (4.975%), AG 31 (15.42%), and AA 160 (79.60%) in normotensive pregnant and GG 33 (16.17%), AG 35 (17.15%), and AA 136 (66.66%) in PE women, irrespective of HIV status. When stratified by pregnancy type, these frequencies were GG 13 (12.74%), AG 12 (11.76%), and AA 77 (75.49%) in EOPE and GG 20 (19.60%), AG 23 (22.54%), and AA 59 (57.84%) in LOPE women.
- Across study groups—The genotype frequencies of rs3783605 in normotensive pregnant HIV-negative women were GG 3 (2.941%), AG 15 (14.70%), and AA 84 (82.35%) compared to GG 15 (14.85%), AG 15 (14.85%), and AA 62 (70.29%) in the preeclamptic HIV-negative group. The genotype frequencies of rs3783605 in normotensive pregnant HIV-positive women were GG 7 (7.07%), AG 16 (16.16%), and AA 76 (76.76%) compared to GG 18 (17.47%), AG 20 (19.41%), and AA 65 (63.10%) in the preeclamptic HIV-positive groups (Table 2).
2.4.2. Allelic Frequencies across Study Groups
2.4.3. Correlations between the Study Groups
- a.
- Normotensive HIV-Negative Pregnant Women vs. Preeclamptic HIV-Negative
- b.
- Normotensive HIV-Positive vs. Preeclamptic HIV-Positive
- c.
- Normotensive Pregnant vs. Preeclamptic Groups Irrespective of HIV Status
- d.
- EOPE vs. LOPE
- e.
- Normotensive vs. EOPE Women Irrespective of HIV Status
- f.
- Normotensive vs. Late-Onset Preeclampsia Women Irrespective of HIV Status
- g.
- HIV-Negative vs. HIV-Positive Women Irrespective of Pregnancy Type
2.5. Rs1805193
2.5.1. Genotypic Frequencies across Study Groups
- HIV status irrespective of pregnancy type—The rs1805193 genotype frequencies were CC 106 (52.21%), AC 59 (29.06%), and AA 38 (18.71%) in HIV-negative pregnant women compared to CC 83 (41.08%), AC 85 (42.07%), and AA 34 (16.83%) in HIV-positive pregnant women.
- Pregnancy type irrespective of HIV status—The rs1805193 genotype frequencies were CC 95 (47,26%), AC 69 (34.32%), and AA 37 (18.40%) in normotensive pregnant and AA 96 (47.05%), AC 73 (35.78%), and AA 35 (17.15%) in PE women, irrespective of HIV status. When stratified by pregnacy type, these frequencies were CC 45 (44.11%), AC 38 (37.25%), and AA 19 (18.62%) in EOPE and CC 51 (50.00%), AC 35 (34.31%), and AA 16 (15.68%) in LOPE women (Table 2).
- Across study groups—The genotype frequencies of rs1805193 in normotensive HIV-negative pregnant women were CC 56 (54.90%), AC 27 (26.47%), and AA 19 (18.40%) compared to CC 41 (40.59%), AC 41 (40.59%), and AA 19 (18.81%) in the preeclamptic HIV-negative group. The genotype frequencies of rs1805193 in normotensive HIV-positive pregnant women were CC 39 (39.39%), AG 42 (42.42%), and AA 18 (18.18%) compared to GG 46 (44.66%), AC 41 (39.80%), and AA 16 (15.53%) in the preeclamptic HIV-positive groups (Table 2).
2.5.2. Allelic Frequencies across Study Groups
2.5.3. Correlations between the Study Groups
- a.
- Normotensive HIV-Negative Pregnant Women vs. Preeclamptic HIV-Negative
- b.
- Normotensive HIV-Positive vs. Preeclamptic HIV-Positive
- c.
- Normotensive Pregnant vs. Preeclamptic Groups Irrespective of HIV Status
- d.
- EOPE vs. LOPE Groups Irrespective of HIV Status
- e.
- Normotensive vs. Early-Onset Preeclamptic Women Irrespective of HIV Status
- f.
- Normotensive vs. LOPE Women Irrespective of HIV Status
- g.
- HIV-Negative vs. HIV-Positive Women Irrespective of Pregnancy Type
3. Discussion
3.1. ICAM-1 rs3093030
3.2. VCAM-1 rs3783605
3.3. E-Selectin rs1805193
4. Methods and Materials
4.1. Study Population and Study Design
- Inclusion criteria
- Exclusion criteria
4.2. Blood Collection and DNA Isolation
4.3. TaqMan Genotyping of Gene Polymorphisms
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient Data | N− (n = 102) | N+ (n = 99) | EOPE− (n = 50) | EOPE+ (n = 52) | LOPE− (n = 51) | LOPE+ (n = 51) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal Age (years) | 23.00 (20.00–28.00) | 27.00 (23.00–32.00) | 30.00 (23.25–35.00) | 30.00 (27.00–33.00) | 24.00 (20.75–30.00) | 29.00 (24.00–32.00) | |
N vs. EOPE | <0.0001 **** | ||||||
N vs. LOPE | 0.9639 | ||||||
EOPE vs. LOPE | 0.0068 ** | ||||||
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 119.0 (111.0–124.0) | 114.0 (109.0–120.0) | 161.0 (155.0–168.0) | 161.0 (154.0–165.0) | 159.0 (155.0–168.8) | 155.0 (148.0–164.0) | |
N vs. EOPE | <0.0001 **** | ||||||
N vs. LOPE | <0.0001 **** | ||||||
EOPE vs. LOPE | 0.9162 | ||||||
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71.00 (66.00–78.00) | 71.00 (65.00–75.00) | 104.0 (96.75–107.0) | 104.0 (94.00–111.0) | 101.5 (94.00–107.0) | 99.00 (96.00–105.0) | |
N vs. EOPE | <0.0001 **** | ||||||
N vs. LOPE | <0.0001 **** | ||||||
EOPE vs. LOPE | 0.9543 | ||||||
Gestational Age (weeks) | 39.00 (38.00–40.00) | 38.00 (37.00–39.00) | 30.00 (27.00–32.00) | 29.00 (25.00–32.00) | 38.00 (36.00–39.00) | 37.00 (35.00–38.00) | |
N vs. EOPE | <0.0001 **** | ||||||
N vs. LOPE | <0.0001 **** | ||||||
EOPE vs. LOPE | <0.0001 **** | ||||||
Maternal Weight (Kg) | 71.50 (60.15–83.63) | 70.00 (62.80–80.00) | 73.00 (63.93–90.00) | 73.10 (65.00–89.70) | 73.00 (63.50–89.40) | 77.00 (68.00–101.0) | |
N vs. EOPE | 0.1317 | ||||||
N vs. LOPE | 0.0012 ** | ||||||
EOPE vs. LOPE | 0.5743 |
Genotype and Allelic Frequencies across Study Groups | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICAM-1 Rs3093030 C>T | N− (n = 102) | N+ (n = 99) | EOPE (n = 102) | LOPE (n = 102) | EOPE− (n = 50) | EOPE+ (n = 52) | LOPE− (n = 51) | LOPE+ (n = 51) | N (N = 201) | PE (n = 204) | HIV− (n = 203) | HIV+ (n = 202) | |
Genotype Codominant | CC | 71 (69.60%) | 71 (71.71%) | 70 (68.62%) | 57 (55.88%) | 35 (70.00%) | 35 (67.30%) | 27 (52.94%) | 30 (58.82%) | 142 (70.64%) | 127 (62.25%) | 133 (65.51%) | 136 (67.32%) |
CT | 21 (20.58%) | 18 (18.18%) | 21 (20.58%) | 20 (19.60%) | 10 (20.00%) | 11 (21.15%) | 13 (25.49%) | 7 (13.72%) | 39 (19.40%) | 41 (20.09%) | 44 (21.67%) | 36 (17.82%) | |
TT | 10 (9.80%) | 10 (10.10%) | 11 (10.78%) | 25 (24.50%) | 5 (10.00%) | 6 (11.53%) | 11 (21.56%) | 14 (27.45%) | 20 (9.950%) | 36 (17.64%) | 26 (12.80%) | 30 (14.85%) | |
Allele | C major | 163 (79.90%) | 160 (80.80%) | 161 (78.92%) | 134 (65.68%) | 80 (80.00%) | 81 (77.88%) | 67 (65.68%) | 67 (65.68%) | 323 (80.34%) | 295 (72.30%) | 310 (76.35%) | 308 (76.23%) |
T minor | 41 (20.09%) | 38 (19.19%) | 43 (21.07%) | 70 (34.31%) | 20 (20.00%) | 23 (22.11%) | 35 (34.317%) | 35 (34.31%) | 79 (19.65%) | 113 (27.69%) | 96 (23.64%) | 96 (23.76%) | |
VCAM-1 Rs3783605 A>G | N− (n = 102) | N+ (n = 99) | EOPE (n = 102) | LOPE (n = 102) | EOPE− (n = 50) | EOPE+ (n = 52) | LOPE− (n = 51) | LOPE+ (n = 51) | N (N = 201) | PE (n = 204) | HIV− (n = 203) | HIV+ (n = 202) | |
Genotype Codominant | AA | 84 (82.35%) | 76 (76.76%) | 77 (75.49%) | 59 (57.84%) | 38 (76.00%) | 39 (75.00%) | 33 (64.70%) | 26 (50.98%) | 160 (79.60%) | 136 (66.66%) | 155 (76.35%) | 141 (69.80%) |
AG | 15 (14.70%) | 16 (16.16%) | 12 (11.76%) | 23 (22.54%) | 5 (10.00%) | 7 (13.46%) | 10 (19.60%) | 13 (25.49%) | 31 (15.42%) | 35 (17.15%) | 30 (14.77%) | 36 (17.82%) | |
GG | 3 (2.941%) | 7 (7.070%) | 13 (12.74%) | 20 (19.60%) | 7 (14.00%) | 6 (11.53%) | 8 (15.68%) | 12 (23.52%) | 10 (4.975%) | 33 (16.17%) | 18 (8.866%) | 25 (12.37%) | |
Allele | A major | 183 (89.70%) | 168 (84.84%) | 166 (81.37%) | 141 (69.11%) | 81 (81.00%) | 85 (81.73%) | 76 (74.50%) | 65 (63.72%) | 351 (87.31%) | 307 (75.24%) | 340 (83.74%) | 318 (78.71%) |
G minor | 21 (10.29%) | 30 (15.15%) | 38 (18.62%) | 63 (30.88%) | 19 (19.00%) | 19 (18.26%) | 26 (25.49%) | 37 (36.27%) | 51 (12.68%) | 101 (24.75%) | 66 (16.25%) | 86 (21.28%) | |
E-selectin Rs1805193 A>C | N− (n = 102) | N+ (n = 99) | EOPE (n = 102) | LOPE (n = 102) | EOPE− (n = 50) | EOPE+ (n = 52) | LOPE− (n = 51) | LOPE+ (n = 51) | N (N = 201) | PE (n = 204) | HIV− (n = 203) | HIV+ (n = 202) | |
Genotype Codominant | AA | 19 (18.62%) | 18 (18.18%) | 19 (18.62%) | 16 (15.68%) | 9 (18.00%) | 10 (19.23%) | 10 (19.60%) | 6 (11.76%) | 37 (18.40%) | 35 (17.15%) | 38 (18.71%) | 34 (16.83%) |
AC | 27 (26.47%) | 42 (42.42%) | 38 (37.25%) | 35 (34.31%) | 16 (32.00%) | 22 (42.30%) | 25 (49.01%) | 19 (37.25%) | 69 (34.32%) | 73 (35.78%) | 59 (29.06%) | 85 (42.07%) | |
CC | 56 (54.90%) | 39 (39.39%) | 45 (44.11%) | 51 (50.00%) | 25 (50.00%) | 20 (38.46%) | 16 (31.37%) | 26 (50.98%) | 95 (47.26%) | 96 (47.05%) | 106 (52.21%) | 83 (41.08%) | |
Allele | A major | 65 (31.86%) | 78 (39.39%) | 76 (37.25%) | 67 (32.84%) | 34 (34.00%) | 42 (40.38%) | 36 (35.29%) | 31 (30.39%) | 143 (32.81%) | 143 (35.04%) | 135 (33.25%) | 151 (37.37%) |
C minor | 139 (68.13%) | 120 (60.60%) | 128 (62.74%) | 137 (67.15%) | 66 (66.00%) | 62 (59.61%) | 66 (64.70%) | 71 (69.60%) | 259 (65.625%) | 265 (64.95%) | 271 (66.74%) | 253 (62.62%) |
SNP Rs3093030 C>T Genotype | N− vs. PE− OR (95% CI), p-Value | N+ vs. PE OR (95% CI), p-Value | EOPE− vs. EOPE+ OR (95% CI), p-Value | LOPE− vs. LOPE+ OR (95% CI), p-Value | N vs. PE OR (95% CI), p-Value | HIV− vs. HIV+ OR (95% CI), p-Value | N vs. EOPE OR (95% CI), p-Value | N vs. LOPE OR (95% CI), p-Value | EOPE vs. LOPE OR (95% CI), p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codominant | TT vs. CC | 1.832 (0.7749–4.333) p = 0.2002 | 2.013 (0.9425–4.298 p = 0.0822 | 1.200 (0.3349–4.300) p = 0.9649 | 1.145 (0.4449–2.949) p = 0.9672 | 2.013 (1.108–3.656) p = 0.0270 * | 1.128 (0.6336–2.010) p = 0.7692 | 1.116 (0.5065–2.457) p = 0.8392 | 3.114 (1.604–6.047) p= 0.0008 *** | 0.3583 (0.1625–0.7901) p = 0.0135 * |
TT vs. TC | 0.5060 (0.1831–1.398) p = 0.2123 | 0.6327 (0.2589–1.546) p = 0.3770 | 0.9167 (0.2121–3.963) p ≥ 0.9999 | 0.4231 (0.1259–1.421) p = 0.2312 | 0.5840 (0.2898–1.177) p = 0.1605 | 0.7091 (0.3572–1.408) p = 0.3844 | 0.9790 (0.3952–2.426) p ≥ 0.9999 | 0.4103 (0.1847–0.9111) p = 0.0303 *** | 2.386 (0.9348–6.092) p = 0.1042 | |
TC vs. CC | 1.079 (0.5226–2.227) p = 0.8559 | 0.7853 (0.4200–1.468) p = 0.5335 | 0.9091 (0.3424–2.414) p ≥ 0.9999 | 2.063 (0.7178–5.932) p = 0.2022 | 0.8507 (0.5162–1.402) p = 0.6104 | 1.250 (0.7571–2.063) p =0.4450 | 0.9155 (0.5010–1.673) p = 0.7594 | 0.7827 (0.4208–1.456) p = 0.5171 | 1.170 (0.5777–2.368) p = 0.7220 | |
Dominant | TT vs. TC + CC | 0.5367 (0.2304–1.250) p = 0.2057 | 0.5367 (0.2396–1.067) p = 0.0883 | 0.8519 (0.2425–2.992) p > 0.9999 | 0.7268 (0.2932–1.801) p = 0.6458 | 0.4972 (0.2766–0.8938) p = 0.0209 * | 0.8422 (0.4783–1.483) p = 0.5680 | 0.9141 (0.4199–1.990) p = 0.8424 | 0.3403 (0.1784–0.6492) p = 0.0011 * | 2.686 (1.242–5.810) p = 0.0161 * |
Recessive | TT + TC vs. CC | 0.8407 (0.4128–1.712) p = 0.5451 | 0.6504 (0.3863–1.095) p = 0.1227 | 0.8824 (0.3818–2.039) p = 0.8327 | 1.270 (0.5802–2.779) p = 0.6903 | 0.6853 (0.4524–1.038) p = 0.0921 | 1.085 (0.7178–1.639) p = 0.7525 | 0.9089 (0.5424–1.524) p = 0.7910 | 0.5263 (0.3208–0.8634) p = 0.0147 * | 1.727 (0.9741–3.062) p = 0.0827 |
over dominant | TT + CC vs. TC | 0.8407 (0.4128–1.712) p = 0.7188 | 1.132 (0.6119–2.094) p = 0.7584 | 1.073 (0.4105–2.806) p ≥ 0.9999 | 0.4650 (0.1683–1.285) p = 0.2118 | 1.045 (0.6404–1.705) p = 0.9010 | 1.077 (0.5946–1.950) p = 0.8789 | 1.013 (0.5554–1.848) p > 0.9999 | 1.156 (0.5573–2.413) p = 0.7191 | 1.063 (0.5357–2.109) p > 0.9999 |
Allele (Major vs. minor) | T vs. C | 1.382 (0.816–2.442) p = 0.1884 | 1.613 (1.065 – 2.442) p = 0.0274 * | 1.136 (0.5787–2.229) p = 0.7343 | 1.000 (0.5609–1.783) p ≥ 0.9999 | 1.566 (1.128–2.174) p = 0.0081 ** | 1.006 (0.7280–1.392) p ≥ 0.9999 | 1.092 (0.7197–1.657) p = 0.6698 | 2.136 (1.461–3.122) p = 0.0001 *** | 0.5113 (0.3281–0.7968) p = 0.0039 ** |
SNP Rs3783605 A>G Genotype | N− vs. PE− OR (95% CI), p-Value | N+ vs. PE OR (95% CI), p-Value | EOPE− vs. EOPE+ OR (95% CI), p-Value | LOPE− vs. LOPE+ OR (95% CI), p-Value | N vs. PE OR (95% CI), p-Value | HIV− vs. HIV+ OR (95% CI), p-Value | N vs. EOPE OR (95% CI), p-Value | N vs. LOPE OR (95% CI), p-Value | EOPE vs. LOPE OR (95% CI), p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codominant | AA vs. GG | 5.915 (1.645–2.127) p = 0.0026 ** | 2.634 (1.112–6.243) p = 0.0272 * | 0.8352 (0.2570–2.714) p ≥ 0.9999 | 1.904 (0.6783–5.343) p = 0.3012 | 3.882 (1.845–8.167) p = 0.0001 *** | 1.527 (0.7990–2.917) p = 0.2531 | 5.424 (2.399–12.26) p ≤ 0.0001 *** | 2.701 (1.134 –6.437) p = 0.0364 * | 2.008 (0.9237–4.364) p = 0.0832 |
AG vs. GG | 0.2000 (0.0477–0.8372) p = 0.0312 * | 0.4640 (0.1694–1.271) p = 0.1515 | 1.633 (0.3353–7.957) p = 0.6951 | 0.8667 (0.2567–2.926) p ≥ 0.9999 | 0.3421 (0.1452–0.8062) p = 0.0154 * | 0.8640 (0.3977–1.877) p = 0.8437 | 0.3710 (0.1462–0.9416) p = 0.0422 * | 0.2978 (0.1031–0.8597) p = 0.0332 * | 1.246 (0.4641–3.345) p = 0.8021 | |
AG vs. AA | 1.183 (0.5410–2.587) p = 0.6939 | 1.222 (0.6351–2.353) p = 0.6251 | 1.364 (0.3980–4.675) p = 0.7594 | 1.650 (0.6244–4.360) p = 0.3358 | 1.328 (0.7780–2.268) p = 0.3404 | 1.319 (0.7721–2.254) p = 0.3418 | 2.012 (1.086–3.728) p = 0.0310 * | 0.8044 (0.3916–1.652) p = 0.5982 | 2.501 (1.151–5.436) p = 0.0228 * | |
Dominant | GG vs. AG + AA | 0.1737 (0.04864–0.6206) p = 0.0029 ** | 0.3943 (0.1678–0.9264) p = 0.0300 * | 1.248 (0.3884–4.010) p = 0.7727 | 0.6047 (0.2237–1.634) p = 0.4550 | 0.2713 (0.1298–0.5670) p = 0.0003 *** | 0.6889 (0.3632–1.307) p = 0.2636 | 0.2147 (0.09624–0.4788) p = 0.0001 *** | 0.3584 (0.1514–0.8489) p = 0.0212 * | 0.5989 (0.2800–1.281) p = 0.2537 |
Recessive | GG + AG vs. AA | 0.5071 (0.2609–0.9856) p = 0.0486 * | 0.5965 (0.3444 –1.033) p = 0.0829 | 0.9474 (0.3840–2.337) p ≥ 0.9999 | 0.5673 (0.2562–1.256) p = 0.2288 | 0.5051 (0.3223–0.7914) p = 0.0036 ** | 0.7158 (0.4602–1.113) p =0.1464 | 0.3516 (0.2087–0.5925) p = 0.0001 *** | 0.7893 (0.4477–1.391) p = 0.4620 | 0.4455 (0.2449–0.8105) p = 0.0113 * |
over dominant | GG + AA vs. AG | 1.012 (0.4659 –2.197) p ≥ 0.9999 | 1.056 (0.5527 –2.016) p ≥ 0.9999 | 1.400 (0.4133 –4.742) p = 0.7605 | 1.403 (0.5505–3.574) p = 0.6362 | 1.116 (0.6582–1.892) p = 0.6894 | 1.251 (0.7366–2.123) p = 0.4226 | 1.597 (0.8745–2.915) p = 0.1526 | 0.7312 (0.7873–2.176) p = 0.4865 | 2.184 (1.020 –4.673) p = 0.0622 |
Allele (Major vs. minor) | A vs. G | 2.498 (1.426–4.374) p = 0.0012 ** | 1.842 (1.176–2.886) p = 0.0083 ** | 0.9529 (0.4708–1.929) p ≥ 0.9999 | 1.664 (0.9121–3.035) p = 0.1293 | 2.264 (1.564–3.278) p ≤ 0.0001 *** | 1.393 (0.9765–1.988) p = 0.0721 | 3.075 (2.025–4.670) p ≤ 0.0001 *** | 1.575 (0.9957–2.493) p = 0.0531 | 1.952 (1.231–3.095) p = 0.0057 ** |
SNP rs1805193 A>C Genotype | N− vs. PE− OR (95% CI), p-Value | N+ vs. PEOR (95% CI), p-Value | EOPE− vs. EOPE+ OR (95% CI), p-Value | LOPE− vs. LOPE+ OR (95% CI), p-Value | N vs. PE OR (95% CI), p-Value | HIV− vs. HIV+ OR (95% CI), p-Value | N vs. EOPE OR (95% CI), p-Value | N vs. LOPE OR (95% CI), p-Value | EOPE vs. LOPE OR (95% CI), p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codominant | AA vs. CC | 0.8929 (0.4253–1.874) p = 0.8505 | 1.266 (0.6416–2.498) p = 0.4874 | 0.7200 (0.2455–2.111) p = 0.5928 | 1.733 (0.5479–5.484) p = 0.4004 | 1.068 (0.6211–1.838) p = 0.8902 | 0.8962 (0.5203–1.544) p = 0.7813 | 1.241 (0.6301–2.2446) p = 0.6120 | 0.9224 (0.4781–1.780) p = 0.8666 | 1.346 (0.6190–2.926) p = 0.5542 |
CC vs. AC | 1.327 (0.7008–2.514) p = 0.4193 | 0.7061 (0.4119–1.202) p = 0.2234 | 1.719 (0.7185–4.112) p = 0.2730 | 1.142 (0.4819–2.705) p = 0.8279 | 1.047 (0.6780–1.617) p = 0.9118 | 1.754 (1.131–2.722) p = 0.0147 * | 0.9449 (0.5559–1.606) p = 0.8929 | 1.163 (0.6832–1.979) p = 0.5894 | 0.8127 (0.4417–1.495) p = 0.5370 | |
AC vs. AA | 1.185 (0.5237–2.682) p = 0.8352 | 0.8939 (0.4512–1.771) p = 0.8627 | 1.238 (0.4089–3.745) p = 0.7809 | 1.979 (0.5894–6.646) p = 0.3678 | 1.118 (0.6341–1.973) p = 0.7727 | 1.572 (0.8886–2.782) p = 0.1462 | 1.173 (0.5745–2.395) p = 0.7208 | 1.072 (0.5431–2.118) p = 0.8645 | 1.094 (0.4874–2.455) p = 0.8402 | |
Dominant | AA vs. AC + CC | 0.9880 (0.4879–2.000) p ≥ 0.9999 | 1.073 (0.5730–2.009) p = 0.8723 | 0.9220 (0.3397–2.502) p ≥ 0.9999 | 1.829 (0.6106–5.481) p = 0.4148 | 1.089 (0.6543–1.814) p = 0.7954 | 1.138 (0.6832–1.896) p = 0.6969 | 1.213 (0.6381–2.304) p = 0.6326 | 0.9856 (0.5338–1.819) p ≥ 0.9999 | 1.094 (0.4874–2.455) p = 0.8402 |
Recessive | AA + AC vs. CC | 0.8053 (0.4638–1.398) p = 0.4836 | 1.368 (0.8394–2.228) p = 0.2200 | 0.6250 (0.2844–1.373) p = 0.3188 | 1.082 (0.4975–2.351) p ≥ 0.9999 | 0.9918 (0.6713–1.465) p ≥ 0.9999 | 0.6648 (0.4491–0.9842) p = 0.0466 * | 1.116 (0.6926–1.798) p = 0.7154 | 0.8809 (0.5456–1.422) p = 0.6274 | 1.267 (0.7301–2.198) p = 0.4832 |
over dominant | CC + AA vs. AC | 1.288 (0.7015–2.366) p = 0.4425 | 0.7563 (0.4629–1.236) p = 0.3127 | 1.558 (0.6933–3.503) p = 0.3114 | 1.299 (0.5720–2.949) p = 0.6769 | 1.066 (0.7086–1.604) p = 0.8351 | 1.702 (1.127–2.572) p = 0.0125 * | 0.994 (0.6049–1.651) p ≥ 0.9999 | 1.136 (0.6917–1.865) p = 0.6137 | 0.8798 (0.4960–1.560) p = 0.7703 |
Allele (Major vs. minor) | A vs. C | 0.8818 (0.5833–1.333) p = 0.5987 | 1.205 (0.8486–1.710) p = 0.3226 | 0.7605 (0.4301–1.345) p = 0.3861 | 1.249 (0.6955–2.244) p = 0.5511 | 1.023 (0.7669–1.365) p = 0.8834 | 0.8347 (0.6254–1.114) p = 0.2396 | 1.129 (0.7904–1.613) p = 0.5281 | 0.9299 (0.6555–1.319) p = 0.7206 | 1.214 (0.8078–1.825) p = 0.4065 |
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Sibiya, S.; Mlambo, Z.P.; Mthembu, M.H.; Mkhwanazi, N.P.; Naicker, T. Analysis of ICAM-1 rs3093030, VCAM-1 rs3783605, and E-Selectin rs1805193 Polymorphisms in African Women Living with HIV and Preeclampsia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910860
Sibiya S, Mlambo ZP, Mthembu MH, Mkhwanazi NP, Naicker T. Analysis of ICAM-1 rs3093030, VCAM-1 rs3783605, and E-Selectin rs1805193 Polymorphisms in African Women Living with HIV and Preeclampsia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(19):10860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910860
Chicago/Turabian StyleSibiya, Samukelisiwe, Zinhle Pretty Mlambo, Mbuso Herald Mthembu, Nompumelelo P. Mkhwanazi, and Thajasvarie Naicker. 2024. "Analysis of ICAM-1 rs3093030, VCAM-1 rs3783605, and E-Selectin rs1805193 Polymorphisms in African Women Living with HIV and Preeclampsia" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19: 10860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910860