Analysis of Cytokine and Chemokine Level in Tear Film in Keratoconus Patients before and after Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Values of Topographic Measurements
2.2. Cytokine Measurement Values
2.3. Correlation of Cytokines with Cornea Topographic Parameters
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Population and Measurements
4.2. Cross-Linking Treatment
4.3. Collection and Analysis of Tears
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | 0 | 7D | 1M | 3M | 6M | 9M | 12M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ks [D] | 49.8 (3.7) | 50.8 (4.1) | 50.3 (3.9) | 49.4 (3.9) | 49.7 (4.1) | 49.8 (4.5) | 48.5 (3.2) |
Kf [D] | 46.3 (3.2) | 46.9 (3.6) | 46.6 (3.6) | 45.8 (3.4) | 46.3 (3.8) | 46.2 (4) | 45.3 (2.9) |
CYL [D] | 3.5 (1.7) | 4 (1.5) | 3.8 (2) | 3.6 (1.7) | 3.4 (1.4) | 3.6 (1.6) | 3.2 (1.7) |
PI-Apex [μm] | 483 (30.8) | 480.3 (59.9) | 465.3 (37.7) | 463.4 (49.3) | 452.6 (36.4) | 462 (39.9) | 460.9 (40.8) |
PI-Thinnest [μm] | 451.4 (35.7) | 450.7 (55.9) | 436.6 (34.7) | 429.9 (38.3) | 421.1 (36.9) | 435.3 (42.9) | 429.2 (39) |
(a) | |||||
Ks | Kf | Cyl | PI-Apex | PI-Thinnest | |
TNF-α | r = 0.35, p = 0.017 * | r = 0.4, p = 0.006 * | r = 0.133, p = 0.379 | r = −0.11, p = 0.467 | r = −0.215, p = 0.151 |
IL-6 | r = 0.339, p = 0.021 * | r = 0.447, p = 0.002 * | r = −0.09, p = 0.554 | r = −0.13, p = 0.39 | r = −0.185, p = 0.22 |
PDGF-BB | r = 0.227, p = 0.129 | r = 0.305, p = 0.039 * | r = 0.043, p = 0.775 | r = −0.199, p = 0.185 | r = −0.282, p = 0.058 |
IL-8/CXCL-8 | r = 0.316, p = 0.032 * | r = 0.353, p = 0.016 * | r = 0.124, p = 0.412 | r = −0.142, p = 0.345 | r = −0.058, p = 0.702 |
IL-7 | r = 0.002, p = 0.99 | r = −0.115, p = 0.448 | r = 0.166, p = 0.269 | r = −0.036, p = 0.813 | r = 0.117, p = 0.438 |
CXCL-10/IP-10/CRG2 | r = 0.227, p = 0.129 | r = 0.286, p = 0.054 | r = −0.014, p = 0.926 | r = −0.229, p = 0.126 | r = −0.326, p = 0.027 * |
IL-10 | r = 0.329, p = 0.026 * | r = 0.408, p = 0.005 * | r = 0.046, p = 0.76 | r = −0.248, p = 0.096 | r = −0.37, p = 0.011 * |
CCL2/JE/MCP-1 | r = 0.098, p = 0.519 | r = 0.193, p = 0.199 | r = −0.084, p = 0.58 | r = −0.197, p = 0.19 | r = −0.232, p = 0.121 |
NGF-β | r = 0.265, p = 0.075 | r = 0.315, p = 0.033 * | r = 0.08, p = 0.597 | r = −0.172, p = 0.254 | r = −0.222, p = 0.138 |
IFN-γ | r = 0.244, p = 0.103 | r = 0.331, p = 0.025 * | r = 0.021, p = 0.891 | r = −0.22, p = 0.141 | r = −0.239, p = 0.11 |
CCL-3/MIP-1a | r = 0.292, p = 0.049 * | r = 0.368, p = 0.012 * | r = 0.108, p = 0.474 | r = −0.206, p = 0.17 | r = −0.309, p = 0.037 * |
CCL4/MIP-1b | r = 0.271, p = 0.068 | r = 0.331, p = 0.024 * | r = 0.119, p = 0.431 | r = −0.083, p = 0.586 | r = −0.152, p = 0.313 |
FGFbasic/FGF2/bFGF | r = 0.316, p = 0.032 * | r = 0.354, p = 0.016 * | r = 0.059, p = 0.698 | r = −0.04, p = 0.792 | r = −0.232, p = 0.121 |
IL-15 | r = 0.184, p = 0.221 | r = 0.325, p = 0.028 * | r = −0.101, p = 0.505 | r = −0.215, p = 0.151 | r = −0.313, p = 0.034 * |
IL-1β/IL-1F2 | r = 0.309, p = 0.037 * | r = 0.315, p = 0.033 * | r = 0.149, p = 0.324 | r = −0.154, p = 0.306 | r = −0.253, p = 0.09 |
IL-1RI | r = 0.172, p = 0.252 | r = 0.152, p = 0.314 | r = 0.112, p = 0.459 | r = −0.038, p = 0.8 | r = −0.034, p = 0.821 |
IL-13 | r = 0.248, p = 0.096 | r = 0.325, p = 0.027 * | r = 0.04, p = 0.794 | r = −0.064, p = 0.672 | r = −0.172, p = 0.252 |
IL-12/IL-23 p40 | r = 0.304, p = 0.04 * | r = 0.322, p = 0.029 * | r = 0.138, p = 0.361 | r = −0.183, p = 0.222 | r = −0.301, p = 0.042 * |
(b) | |||||
Ks | Kf | Cyl | PI-Apex | PI-Thinnest | |
TNF-α | r = 0.583, p = 0.002 * | r = 0.593, p = 0.002 * | r = 0.165, p = 0.431 | r = −0.338, p = 0.099 | r = −0.274, p = 0186 |
IL-6 | r = 0.455, p = 0.022 * | r = 0.423, p = 0.035 * | r = 0.162, p = 0.438 | r = −0.45, p = 0.024 * | r = −0.373, p = 0.066 |
PDGF-BB | r = −0.081, p = 0.7 | r = −0.05, p = 0.812 | r = −0.082, p = 0.698 | r = −0.066, p = 0.755 | r = −0.021, p = 0.92 |
IL-8/CXCL-8 | r = 0.201, p = 0.334 | r = 0.084, p = 0.689 | r = 0.187, p = 0.369 | r = −0.099, p = 0.638 | r = −0.029, p = 0.891 |
IL-7 | r = −0.179, p = 0.39 | r = −0.127, p = 0.544 | r = −0.041, p = 0.847 | r = −0.1, p = 0.633 | r = 0.179, p = 0.391 |
CXCL-10/IP-10/CRG2 | r = 0.232, p = 0.264 | r = 0.347, p = 0.09 | r = −0.237, p = 0.253 | r = −0.179, p = 0.391 | r = −0.294, p = 0.154 |
IL-10 | r = 0.318, p = 0.122 | r = 0.391, p = 0.054 | r = −0.01, p = 0.963 | r = −0.229, p = 0.271 | r = −0.242, p = 0.244 |
CCL2/JE/MCP-1 | r = 0.19, p = 0.361 | r = 0.118, p = 0.574 | r = 0.077, p = 0.714 | r = 0.168, p = 0.423 | r = 0.049, p = 0.815 |
NGF-β | r = 0.493, p = 0.012 * | r = 0.525, p = 0.007 * | r = 0.143, p = 0.495 | r = −0.201, p = 0.335 | r = −0.086, p = 0.681 |
IFN-γ | r = 0.664, p < 0.001 * | r = 0.564, p = 0.003 * | r = 0.247, p = 0.235 | r = −0.367, p = 0.071 | r = −0.262, p = 0.206 |
CCL-3/MIP-1a | r = 0.576, p = 0.003 * | r = 0.583, p = 0.002 * | r = 0.14, p = 0.505 | r = −0.441, p = 0.027 * | r = −0.404, p = 0.045 * |
CCL4/MIP-1b | r = 0.432, p = 0.031 * | r = 0.448, p = 0.025 * | r = 0.094, p = 0.654 | r = −0.156, p = 0.457 | r = −0.043, p = 0.836 |
FGFbasic/FGF2/bFGF | r = 0.445, p = 0.026 * | r = 0.504, p = 0.01 * | r = 0.01, p = 0.962 | r = −0.449, p = 0.024 * | r = −0.411, p = 0.041 * |
IL-15 | r = 0.284, p = 0.17 | r = 0.414, p = 0.04 * | r = −0.14, p = 0.503 | r = −0.614, p = 0.001 * | r = −0.55, p = 0.004 * |
IL-1β/IL-1F2 | r = 0.421, p = 0.036 * | r = 0.402, p = 0.046 * | r = 0.053, p = 0.801 | r = −0.054, p = 0.799 | r = −0.022, p = 0.916 |
IL-1RI | r = 0.023, p = 0.914 | r = −0.073, p = 0.728 | r = 0.176, p = 0.398 | r = 0.283, p = 0.17 | r = 0.192, p = 0.359 |
IL-13 | r = 0.569, p = 0.003 * | r = 0.564, p = 0.003 * | r = 0.228, p = 0.272 | r = −0.172, p = 0.41 | r = −0.199, p = 0.34 |
IL-12/IL-23 p40 | r = 0.392, p = 0.052 | r = 0.459, p = 0.021 * | r = −0.025, p = 0.907 | r = −0.252, p = 0.224 | r = −0.325, p = 0.113 |
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Krok, M.; Wróblewska-Czajka, E.; Łach-Wojnarowicz, O.; Bronikowska, J.; Czuba, Z.P.; Wylęgała, E.; Dobrowolski, D. Analysis of Cytokine and Chemokine Level in Tear Film in Keratoconus Patients before and after Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021052
Krok M, Wróblewska-Czajka E, Łach-Wojnarowicz O, Bronikowska J, Czuba ZP, Wylęgała E, Dobrowolski D. Analysis of Cytokine and Chemokine Level in Tear Film in Keratoconus Patients before and after Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) Treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(2):1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021052
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrok, Magdalena, Ewa Wróblewska-Czajka, Olga Łach-Wojnarowicz, Joanna Bronikowska, Zenon P. Czuba, Edward Wylęgała, and Dariusz Dobrowolski. 2024. "Analysis of Cytokine and Chemokine Level in Tear Film in Keratoconus Patients before and after Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) Treatment" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 2: 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021052