Temperature-Induced Sex Differentiation in River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense): Mechanisms and Effects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Effect of Temperature on the Sex Ratio of M. nipponense
2.2. Temperature-Sensitive Sex Differentiation Phase of M. nipponense
2.3. Methylation Levels on M. nipponense from Two Temperature Treatments
2.4. DEGs in Male and Female Prawns from Two Temperature Treatments
2.5. DEG Functional Enrichment Analysis with GO and KEGG Databases
2.6. Candidates of Temperature-Regulated Sex-Differentiation Genes
2.7. mRNA Expression Profiling of Potential Temperature-Regulated Sex-Differentiation Genes
2.8. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Sex Differentiation under Different Temperatures
4.3. Temperature-Sensitive Sex-Differentiation Phase
4.4. Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) Libraries
4.5. Transcriptomic Analysis Using RNA-Sequencing
4.6. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) Analysis
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | LFM | HFM | LMM | HMM | LFO | HFO | LMT | HMT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mCG | 91.97 ± 0.18 a | 92.66 ± 0.18 a | 92.09 ± 0.11 a | 89.78 ± 1.01 a | 87.23 ± 1.11 a | 90.49 ± 0.38 a | 89.66 ± 0.41 a | 92.25 ± 0.15 a |
mCHG | 1.92 ± 0.04 c | 1.93 ± 0.04 c | 2.04 ± 0.03 c | 2.47 ± 0.18 c | 2.56 ± 0.23 c | 2.19 ± 0.07 c | 2.36 ± 0.08 c | 1.77 ± 0.03 c |
mCHH | 6.29 ± 0.14 b | 5.41 ± 0.14 b | 5.87 ± 0.08 b | 7.75 ± 0.83 b | 8.48 ± 0.88 b | 7.32 ± 0.31 b | 7.99 ± 0.34 b | 5.98 ± 0.12 b |
Signal Pathway | DEGs | Gene Annotation | Tissues | |
---|---|---|---|---|
LMT_vs_ HMT | LFO_vs_ HFO | |||
CACNA1C | voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1C | Up | No | |
GnRH signaling pathway | GNAS | guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha | Up | No |
CAMKII | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II | Up | Down | |
ADCY1 | adenylate cyclase 1 | Up | Down | |
P38 | p38 MAP kinase | Up | No | |
EGR1 | early growth response protein 1 | Up | No | |
CALM | calmodulin | Up | Down | |
PLD1_2 | phospholipase D1/2 | Up | Down | |
GnRH Secretion | ITPR1 | inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 | Up | Down |
KCNN1 | potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 1 | Up | No | |
CACNA1G | voltage-dependent calcium channel T type alpha-1G | Up | No | |
PLCB | phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, beta | Down | No | |
RAF1 | RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase | Up | Down | |
CACNA1S | voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1S | Up | No | |
GNAQ | guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha | Up | Down | |
FOXO signaling pathway | FOXG | forkhead box protein G | Up | No |
P38 | p38 MAP kinase | Up | No | |
GABARAP | GABA(A) receptor-associated protein | Up | No | |
Wnt signaling pathway | Wnt | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 | Down | No |
Wnt5 | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5 | Up | Down | |
Wnt11 | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 11 | Down | No | |
DVL | segment polarity protein dishevelled | Down | Up | |
FZD2 | Frizzled 2 | Down | Up | |
PLCB | phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, beta | No | Down | |
RAC1 | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 | No | Up | |
SKP1 | S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 | Down | Up | |
CSNK1A | casein kinase 1, alpha | Down | Up | |
Oocyte meiosis | FBXW1/11 | F-box and WD-40 domain protein 1/11 | Down | Up |
CPEB | cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein | Up | No | |
APC1 | anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 | Up | Down | |
CDC20 | cell division cycle 20, cofactor of APC complex | Down | Up | |
SMC3 | structural maintenance of chromosome 3 (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 6) | Up | No | |
PPP2R1 | serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit A | Down | No |
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Jiang, G.; Xue, Y.; Huang, X. Temperature-Induced Sex Differentiation in River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense): Mechanisms and Effects. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021207
Jiang G, Xue Y, Huang X. Temperature-Induced Sex Differentiation in River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense): Mechanisms and Effects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(2):1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021207
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Gang, Yucai Xue, and Xuxiong Huang. 2024. "Temperature-Induced Sex Differentiation in River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense): Mechanisms and Effects" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 2: 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021207