Next Article in Journal
Unraveling the Role of RNA-Binding Proteins, with a Focus on RPS5, in the Malignant Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Previous Article in Journal
Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns, a Class of Potential Psoriasis Drug Targets
Previous Article in Special Issue
Rice OsANN9 Enhances Drought Tolerance through Modulating ROS Scavenging Systems
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
IJMS
Volume 25
Issue 2
10.3390/ijms25020772
ijms-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Review

Physical Stimulation Methods Developed for In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation Studies of PC12 Cells: A Comprehensive Review

by
Kanako Tominami
1,†,
Tada-aki Kudo
1,†,
Takuya Noguchi
2,*,
Yohei Hayashi
3,4,
You-Ran Luo
5,
Takakuni Tanaka
5,
Ayumu Matsushita
1,
Satoshi Izumi
1,
Hajime Sato
6,
Keiko Gengyo-Ando
1,
Atsushi Matsuzawa
2,
Guang Hong
5 and
Junichi Nakai
1
1
Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
2
Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
3
Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
4
Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
5
Division for Globalization Initiative, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
6
Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado 350-0283, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020772
Submission received: 15 December 2023 / Revised: 4 January 2024 / Accepted: 5 January 2024 / Published: 7 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Abiotic Stress Signaling)
Browse Figure
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

PC12 cells, which are derived from rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells, are widely used for the study of neuronal differentiation. NGF induces neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells by activating intracellular pathways via the TrkA receptor, which results in elongated neurites and neuron-like characteristics. Moreover, the differentiation requires both the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways. In addition to NGF, BMPs can also induce neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells. BMPs are part of the TGF-β cytokine superfamily and activate signaling pathways such as p38 MAPK and Smad. However, the brief lifespan of NGF and BMPs may limit their effectiveness in living organisms. Although PC12 cells are used to study the effects of various physical stimuli on neuronal differentiation, the development of new methods and an understanding of the molecular mechanisms are ongoing. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the induction of neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells without relying on NGF, which is already established for electrical, electromagnetic, and thermal stimulation but poses a challenge for mechanical, ultrasound, and light stimulation. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying neuronal differentiation induced by physical stimuli remain largely unknown. Elucidating these mechanisms holds promise for developing new methods for neural regeneration and advancing neuroregenerative medical technologies using neural stem cells.
Keywords: PC12; neuronal differentiation; physical stimulation PC12; neuronal differentiation; physical stimulation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Tominami, K.; Kudo, T.-a.; Noguchi, T.; Hayashi, Y.; Luo, Y.-R.; Tanaka, T.; Matsushita, A.; Izumi, S.; Sato, H.; Gengyo-Ando, K.; et al. Physical Stimulation Methods Developed for In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation Studies of PC12 Cells: A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020772

AMA Style

Tominami K, Kudo T-a, Noguchi T, Hayashi Y, Luo Y-R, Tanaka T, Matsushita A, Izumi S, Sato H, Gengyo-Ando K, et al. Physical Stimulation Methods Developed for In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation Studies of PC12 Cells: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(2):772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020772

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tominami, Kanako, Tada-aki Kudo, Takuya Noguchi, Yohei Hayashi, You-Ran Luo, Takakuni Tanaka, Ayumu Matsushita, Satoshi Izumi, Hajime Sato, Keiko Gengyo-Ando, and et al. 2024. "Physical Stimulation Methods Developed for In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation Studies of PC12 Cells: A Comprehensive Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 2: 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020772

APA Style

Tominami, K., Kudo, T.-a., Noguchi, T., Hayashi, Y., Luo, Y.-R., Tanaka, T., Matsushita, A., Izumi, S., Sato, H., Gengyo-Ando, K., Matsuzawa, A., Hong, G., & Nakai, J. (2024). Physical Stimulation Methods Developed for In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation Studies of PC12 Cells: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(2), 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020772

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop