The Complement System as a Part of Immunometabolic Post-Exercise Response in Adipose and Muscle Tissue

Wojciuk, Bartosz; Frulenko, Ignacy; Brodkiewicz, Andrzej; Kita, Dagmara; Baluta, Monica; Jędrzejczyk, Filip; Budkowska, Marta; Turkiewicz, Karolina; Proia, Patrizia; Ciechanowicz, Andrzej; Kostrzewa-Nowak, Dorota; Nowak, Robert

doi:10.3390/ijms252111608

Open AccessReview

The Complement System as a Part of Immunometabolic Post-Exercise Response in Adipose and Muscle Tissue

by

Bartosz Wojciuk

^1,†

,

Ignacy Frulenko

^2,3,†

,

Andrzej Brodkiewicz

⁴,

Dagmara Kita

⁴,

Monica Baluta

⁴,

Filip Jędrzejczyk

⁴,

Marta Budkowska

⁵

,

Karolina Turkiewicz

^6,7,

Patrizia Proia

⁸

,

Andrzej Ciechanowicz

⁷

,

Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak

^7,9,*,‡

and

Robert Nowak

^3,10,*,‡

¹

Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland

²

Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Rybacka St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland

³

Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej St., 71-242 Szczecin, Poland

⁴

Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 4 Mączna St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland

⁵

Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland

⁶

Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Clinical Hospital No. 2, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland

⁷

Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland

⁸

Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy

⁹

Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St., 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland

¹⁰

Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.

^‡

These authors contributed equally to this work and share last authorship.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11608; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111608

Submission received: 28 September 2024 / Revised: 17 October 2024 / Accepted: 24 October 2024 / Published: 29 October 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Health: Cellular and Molecular Perspectives)

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Abstract

The precise molecular processes underlying the complement’s activation, which follows exposure to physical stress still remain to be fully elucidated. However, some possible mechanisms could play a role in initiating changes in the complement’s activity, which are observed post-exposure to physical stress stimuli. These are mainly based on metabolic shifts that occur in the microenvironment of muscle tissue while performing its function with increased intensity, as well as the adipose tissue’s role in sterile inflammation and adipokine secretion. This review aims to discuss the current opinions on the possible link between the complement activation and diet, age, sex, and health disorders with a particular emphasis on endocrinopathies and, furthermore, the type of physical activity and overall physical fitness. It has been indicated that regular physical activity incorporated into therapeutic strategies potentially improves the management of particular diseases, such as, e.g., autoimmune conditions. Moreover, it represents a favorable influence on immunoaging processes. A better understanding of the complement system’s interaction with physical activity will support established clinical therapies targeting complement components.

Keywords: innate immunity; cleaved complement protein; post-effort immunity; adiponectin; muscle tissue

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wojciuk, B.; Frulenko, I.; Brodkiewicz, A.; Kita, D.; Baluta, M.; Jędrzejczyk, F.; Budkowska, M.; Turkiewicz, K.; Proia, P.; Ciechanowicz, A.; et al. The Complement System as a Part of Immunometabolic Post-Exercise Response in Adipose and Muscle Tissue. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 11608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111608

AMA Style

Wojciuk B, Frulenko I, Brodkiewicz A, Kita D, Baluta M, Jędrzejczyk F, Budkowska M, Turkiewicz K, Proia P, Ciechanowicz A, et al. The Complement System as a Part of Immunometabolic Post-Exercise Response in Adipose and Muscle Tissue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(21):11608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111608

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciuk, Bartosz, Ignacy Frulenko, Andrzej Brodkiewicz, Dagmara Kita, Monica Baluta, Filip Jędrzejczyk, Marta Budkowska, Karolina Turkiewicz, Patrizia Proia, Andrzej Ciechanowicz, and et al. 2024. "The Complement System as a Part of Immunometabolic Post-Exercise Response in Adipose and Muscle Tissue" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 21: 11608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111608

APA Style

Wojciuk, B., Frulenko, I., Brodkiewicz, A., Kita, D., Baluta, M., Jędrzejczyk, F., Budkowska, M., Turkiewicz, K., Proia, P., Ciechanowicz, A., Kostrzewa-Nowak, D., & Nowak, R. (2024). The Complement System as a Part of Immunometabolic Post-Exercise Response in Adipose and Muscle Tissue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(21), 11608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111608

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The Complement System as a Part of Immunometabolic Post-Exercise Response in Adipose and Muscle Tissue

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