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Volume 25
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Review

Role of Oxygen and Its Radicals in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: From Hypoxia to Physoxia to Hyperoxia

by
Dominik André-Lévigne
1,
Rodrigue Pignel
2,
Sylvain Boet
2,3,4,5,
Vincent Jaquet
6,7,
Daniel F. Kalbermatten
1,8 and
Srinivas Madduri
1,8,*
1
Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
2
Subaquatic and Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
3
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
4
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
5
Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
6
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
7
READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
8
Bioengineering and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(4), 2030; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042030
Submission received: 26 December 2023 / Revised: 2 February 2024 / Accepted: 5 February 2024 / Published: 7 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Strategies for Regulating the Axonal Growth, Guidance and Neural Tissue Regeneration)
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Abstract

Oxygen is compulsory for mitochondrial function and energy supply, but it has numerous more nuanced roles. The different roles of oxygen in peripheral nerve regeneration range from energy supply, inflammation, phagocytosis, and oxidative cell destruction in the context of reperfusion injury to crucial redox signaling cascades that are necessary for effective axonal outgrowth. A fine balance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant activity draws the line between physiological and pathological nerve regeneration. There is compelling evidence that redox signaling mediated by the Nox family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases plays an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Further research is needed to better characterize the role of Nox in physiological and pathological circumstances, but the available data suggest that the modulation of Nox activity fosters great therapeutic potential. One of the promising approaches to enhance nerve regeneration by modulating the redox environment is hyperbaric oxygen therapy. In this review, we highlight the influence of various oxygenation states, i.e., hypoxia, physoxia, and hyperoxia, on peripheral nerve repair and regeneration. We summarize the currently available data and knowledge on the effectiveness of using hyperbaric oxygen therapy to treat nerve injuries and discuss future directions.
Keywords: nerve repair; nerve regeneration; axonal growth; sensory function; motor function nerve repair; nerve regeneration; axonal growth; sensory function; motor function

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MDPI and ACS Style

André-Lévigne, D.; Pignel, R.; Boet, S.; Jaquet, V.; Kalbermatten, D.F.; Madduri, S. Role of Oxygen and Its Radicals in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: From Hypoxia to Physoxia to Hyperoxia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 2030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042030

AMA Style

André-Lévigne D, Pignel R, Boet S, Jaquet V, Kalbermatten DF, Madduri S. Role of Oxygen and Its Radicals in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: From Hypoxia to Physoxia to Hyperoxia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(4):2030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042030

Chicago/Turabian Style

André-Lévigne, Dominik, Rodrigue Pignel, Sylvain Boet, Vincent Jaquet, Daniel F. Kalbermatten, and Srinivas Madduri. 2024. "Role of Oxygen and Its Radicals in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: From Hypoxia to Physoxia to Hyperoxia" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 4: 2030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042030

APA Style

André-Lévigne, D., Pignel, R., Boet, S., Jaquet, V., Kalbermatten, D. F., & Madduri, S. (2024). Role of Oxygen and Its Radicals in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: From Hypoxia to Physoxia to Hyperoxia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(4), 2030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042030

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