Healing of Skin Wounds in Rats Using Creams Based on Symphytum Officinale Extract
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Comfrey Extract Structural Evaluation and In Vitro Assays
2.1.1. Determination of Total Polyphenol and Allantoin Content of Comfrey Extract
2.1.2. Cell Viability of Comfrey Extract
2.1.3. Antioxidant Activity of Comfrey Extract
2.1.4. Antibacterial Activity of Comfrey Extract
2.2. Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation of Oil-in-Water Cream with Comfrey Extract
2.2.1. Creams Characterization
2.2.2. Epithelium Bacteriological Examination
2.2.3. Macroscopic Examination of Wound Healing
2.2.4. Histological Analyses
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Preparation and Characterization of Comfrey Extract
3.1.1. Preparation of Extract from Comfrey Roots
3.1.2. Determination of Total Polyphenols Content of Comfrey Extract
3.1.3. Determination of Phenolic Compounds of Comfrey Extract
3.1.4. Determination of Allantoin Compounds of Comfrey Extract
3.1.5. Cytotoxicity of the Comfrey Extract
3.1.6. Antioxidant Activity of Comfrey Extract
3.1.7. Antimicrobial Assay on Comfrey Extract
3.2. Preparation and Characterization of Oil-in-Water Cream of Comfrey Extract
3.2.1. Preparation of the Oil-in-Water Cream with Comfrey Extract
3.2.2. Characterization of the of the Oil-in-Water Cream with Comfrey Extract
3.3. In Vivo Evaluation of the Oil-in-Water Cream with Comfrey Extract
3.3.1. Animal Care and Use
3.3.2. Surgical Procedure
3.3.3. Epithelium Bacteriological Examination
3.3.4. Macroscopic Examination of Wound Size Reduction
3.3.5. Histological Method
3.3.6. Pain Management
3.4. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
RA | Rosmarinic acid |
SAs | Salvianolic acids |
SyOf | Comfrey concentrated extract |
O/W | Oil-in-water |
SyOf10% | 10% comfrey concentrated extract in oil-in-water cream |
SyOf20% | 20% comfrey concentrated extract in oil-in-water cream |
Simple C | Oil-in-water cream without SyOf |
HaCaT | Human keratinocytes cells |
MH | Mueller–Hinton agar |
MICs | Minimum inhibitory concentrations |
MBC | Minimum bactericidal concentration |
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Peak No. | Rt (min) | UV λmax (nm) | [M + H]+ (m/z) | Compound | Subclass | μg/mL (Mean ± SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 13.30 | 322 | 181 | Caffeic acid | Hydroxycinnamic | 123.162 ± 12.40 |
2 | 15.26 | 360, 240 | 539 | Salvianolic acid I | Hydroxycinnamic | 2382.23 ± 115.23 |
3 | 16.98 | 360, 250 | 719 | Salvianolic acid B | Hydroxycinnamic | 641.83 ± 51.34 |
4 | 17.87 | 330 | 361 | Rosmarinic acid | Hydroxycinnamic | 1055.02 ± 42.20 |
5 | 18.65 | 320, 260 | 495 | Salvianolic acid A | Hydroxycinnamic | 279.50 ± 27,93 |
6 | 19.60 | 320, 260 | 493 | Salvianolic acid C | Hydroxycinnamic | 1641.29 ± 80.06 |
Total Phenolics | 6123.051 |
MIC Index MBC (μg/mL)/MIC (μg/mL) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
SyOf | Staphylococcus aureus | Staphylococcus aureus MRSA | Escherichia coli | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
4 1530.76/382.69 | 2 1530.76/765.38 | 1 6123.01/6123.01 | 1 6123.01/6123.01 |
Treatment | SyOf 10% | SyOf 20% | Simple C | None |
---|---|---|---|---|
Healing of the wound starts to be visible on the 12th day and complete healing on the 14th day. | Healing of the wound starts to be visible on the 7th day and complete healing on the 12th day. | Healing of the wound starts to be visible from the 12th day, and healing is not complete on the 14th day. | Healing begins to be visible on day 7 and complete healing on day 14. |
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Mârza, S.M.; Dăescu, A.M.; Purdoiu, R.C.; Dragomir, M.; Tătaru, M.; Melega, I.; Nagy, A.-L.; Gal, A.; Tăbăran, F.; Bogdan, S.; et al. Healing of Skin Wounds in Rats Using Creams Based on Symphytum Officinale Extract. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063099
Mârza SM, Dăescu AM, Purdoiu RC, Dragomir M, Tătaru M, Melega I, Nagy A-L, Gal A, Tăbăran F, Bogdan S, et al. Healing of Skin Wounds in Rats Using Creams Based on Symphytum Officinale Extract. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(6):3099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063099
Chicago/Turabian StyleMârza, Sorin Marian, Adela Maria Dăescu, Robert Cristian Purdoiu, Mădălina Dragomir, Mariana Tătaru, Iulia Melega, Andras-Laszlo Nagy, Adrian Gal, Flaviu Tăbăran, Sidonia Bogdan, and et al. 2024. "Healing of Skin Wounds in Rats Using Creams Based on Symphytum Officinale Extract" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 6: 3099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063099