Exploring the Link between Hydrodynamic Size and Immunoglobulins of Circulating Immune Complexes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. CIC Immunoglobulin in RA
2.2. DLS Analysis of Colloidal Particles’ Size in CICs in RA
2.3. The Effect of Colloidal Particle Size on the IgA, IgG, and IgM Level in CICs of RA Patients and Healthy Individuals
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Participants
4.2. Determination of Serum RF and ACPA Titer
4.3. Isolation of CICs and Determination of CICs and the CIC Immunoglobulin Level
4.4. Size of CICs
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACPAs | antibodies against citrullinated peptides |
CCP2 | cyclic citrullinated peptide |
CICs | circulating immune complexes |
CRP | C reactive protein |
DAS | disease activity score |
DLS | dynamic light scattering |
DMARDs | disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs |
ICs | immune complexes |
ODs | optical densities |
PEG | polyethylene glycol |
RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
RF | rheumatoid factor |
SER | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
NET | neutrophil extracellular traps |
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RA | |||
---|---|---|---|
All | ACPA+ RF+ | ACPA-RF- | |
No | 30 | 20 | 6 |
M/F | 5/25 | 4/15 | 1/5 |
62 ± 11 | 64 ± 11 | 62 ± 6 | |
Age (year) | 64 | 67 | 62 |
(26–76) | (26–76) | (49–70) | |
82 ± 85 | 122 ± 78 | / | |
RF (IU/mL) | 69 | 91 | / |
(0–361) | (46–361) | / | |
260 ± 292 | 364 ± 304 | / | |
ACPA (RU/mL) | 167 | 298 | / |
(0–1180) | (27–1180) | / | |
29 ± 18 | 34 ± 19 | 14 ± 8 | |
SER (mm/h) | 28 | 28 | 13 * |
(4–68) | (4–68) | (6–32) | |
13.6 ± 10.6 | 15.4 ± 11.7 | 8.9 ± 5.0 | |
CRP (mg/L) | 10.3 | 12.20 | 7.6 |
(0.0–38.7) | (0.0–38.7) | (4.1–18.9) | |
3.97 ± 1.10 | 4.17 ± 1.33 | 3.38 ± 0.34 | |
DAS | 4.07 | 4.44 | 3.25 |
(1.25–5.65) | (1.25–5.65) | (3.06–3.96) | |
Control | |||
No | 30 | ||
M/F | 11/9 | ||
55 ± 14 | |||
Age (year) | 59 | ||
(22–71) |
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Djukić, T.; Drvenica, I.; Kovačić, M.; Milanović, S.; Majerič, D.; Šefik-Bukilica, M.; Miletić, M.; Bugarski, B.; Ilić, V. Exploring the Link between Hydrodynamic Size and Immunoglobulins of Circulating Immune Complexes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3138. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063138
Djukić T, Drvenica I, Kovačić M, Milanović S, Majerič D, Šefik-Bukilica M, Miletić M, Bugarski B, Ilić V. Exploring the Link between Hydrodynamic Size and Immunoglobulins of Circulating Immune Complexes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(6):3138. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063138
Chicago/Turabian StyleDjukić, Tamara, Ivana Drvenica, Marijana Kovačić, Sladjan Milanović, Dragana Majerič, Mirjana Šefik-Bukilica, Maja Miletić, Branko Bugarski, and Vesna Ilić. 2024. "Exploring the Link between Hydrodynamic Size and Immunoglobulins of Circulating Immune Complexes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 6: 3138. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063138