Vesicular Messages from Dental Biofilms for Neutrophils
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Dental Biofilms Are Rich in BEVs of Varying Morphologies
2.2. Quantification of BEVs
2.3. NET Morphology
2.4. Site of NET Formation
2.5. NET Quantification in Cultured Neutrophils
2.5.1. cfDNA Quantification in Neutrophil Culture
2.5.2. NET Dependence on Autocrine and Paracrine IL8
2.5.3. NET Dependence on Age
2.6. Quantification of cfDNA in Blood Plasma
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients’ Selection and Sample Collection
4.1.1. Gingival Biopsies
4.1.2. Blood Sample Collection
4.1.3. Dental Biofilm Collection
4.2. Electron Microscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA)
4.2.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
4.2.2. TEM
4.2.3. NTA
4.3. Neutrophil Isolation and Culture
4.4. Quantification of NETs from Cell Culture and Blood Plasma Cell-Free DNA
4.5. Epifluorescence Microscopy
4.6. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BEVs | bacterial extracellular vesicles |
BS | biofilm supernatant |
cfDNA | cell-free DNA |
CXCR1 | interleukin 8 receptor alpha |
CXCR2 | interleukin 8 receptor beta |
DAMPs | damage-associated molecular pattern |
DOAJ | directory of open access journals |
EPS | extracellular polymeric substances |
GCF | gingival crevicular fluid |
GSDMD | gasdermin D |
IL8 | interleukin-8 |
LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
MPO | myeloperoxidase |
NE | neutrophil elastase |
NETs | neutrophil extracellular traps |
NETosis | suicidal NET formation |
NTA | nanoparticle tracking analysis |
OMVs | outer membrane vesicles |
PAD4 | peptidylarginine deiminase 4 |
PAMPs | pathogen-associated molecular patterns |
PMA | phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
TLR | toll-like receptor |
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Vitkov, L.; Krunić, J.; Dudek, J.; Bobbili, M.R.; Grillari, J.; Hausegger, B.; Mladenović, I.; Stojanović, N.; Krautgartner, W.D.; Oberthaler, H.; et al. Vesicular Messages from Dental Biofilms for Neutrophils. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063314
Vitkov L, Krunić J, Dudek J, Bobbili MR, Grillari J, Hausegger B, Mladenović I, Stojanović N, Krautgartner WD, Oberthaler H, et al. Vesicular Messages from Dental Biofilms for Neutrophils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(6):3314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063314
Chicago/Turabian StyleVitkov, Ljubomir, Jelena Krunić, Johanna Dudek, Madhusudhan Reddy Bobbili, Johannes Grillari, Bernhard Hausegger, Irena Mladenović, Nikola Stojanović, Wolf Dietrich Krautgartner, Hannah Oberthaler, and et al. 2024. "Vesicular Messages from Dental Biofilms for Neutrophils" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 6: 3314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063314