Unlocking Precision Medicine: Liquid Biopsy Advancements in Renal Cancer Detection and Monitoring
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. miRNAs
3. Exosomes
4. Circulating Tumor Cells
5. Circulating Tumor DNA
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biomarker | Region | Year | Detected Abnormality | Cohorts | Practice in Clinical | Results | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urinary miRNAs | Italy | 2020 | miR-122, miR-1271, and miR-15b overexpression | 13 ccRCC-diagnosed patients and 14 healthy controls | Diagnosis | miR-122, miR-1271, and miR-15b candidate as potential biomarkers for ccRCC diagnosis | [18] |
Serum miRNAs | Germany | 2020 | miR-21-5p and miR-210-3p overexpression | 34 pRCC type 1, 33 pRCC type 2 and 33 control subjects | Diagnosis | miR-21-5p and miR-210-3p candidates as potential biomarkers for pRCC diagnosis. Impossibility to make a differential diagnosis between pRCC type 1 and 2 based on miRNA expression | [19] |
Serum miRNAs | China | 2020 | miR-224-5p, miR-34b-3p and miR-182-5p overexpression | 146 RCC patients and 150 healthy controls | Diagnosis | A panel formed by miR-224-5p, miR-34b-3p and miR-182-5p candidate as the most reliable biomarker for RCC non-invasive diagnosis | [20] |
miRNAs expressed by ccRCC and paracancerous tissue | China | 2019 | miR130b, miR-18a, and miR-223 overexpression | 544 ccRCC tumor specimens and 71 adjacent nontumor renal specimens | Prognosis prediction | Multivariate Cox regression analysis and subgroup analysis showed that the three-miRNA signature was an independent prognostic factor that could be used to predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients by dosing the three miRNAs in biofluid | [21] |
Exosomal miRNAs | China | 2018 | miR-210, miR-224, miR-452, miR-155, miR-21, and miR-34a expression | 45 patients diagnosed with ccRCC | Diagnosis, prognosis and recurrence prediction | Serum exosomal miR-210 may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the recurrence of ccRCC, especially for metastatic ccRCC | [27] |
Exosomal miRNAs | USA | 2018 | miR-210, MiR-34a, miR-155-5p and miR-150-5p overexpression | In vitro (786-O cell line (derived from ccRCC) as an in vitro ccRCC tumor model and the human renal proximal tubule cell line HK-2 as a normal renal tissue control) | Diagnosis | Exosomal content of miR-205 and possibly miR-150 were proportional to their respective contents in the cells that secreted them, serving as ccRCC biomarkers | [28] |
Exosomal miRNAs | China | 2020 | hsa-mir-92a-1-5p, hsa-mir-149-3p and hsa-mir-424-3p abnormal expression | 22 RCC patients and 16 controls | Diagnosis | hsa-mir-92a-1-5p, hsa-mir-149-3p and hsa-mir-424-3p can be potentially used as plasmatic biomarkers for RCC diagnosis | [29] |
Exosomal miRNAs | Russia | 2023 | miRNAs-144, -146a, -149, -126, and -155 expression | 35 RCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors | Prognosis prediction | miRNA-146a and miRNA-126 combined expression showed a potential role as biomarkers, even in assessing therapy effectiveness, in RCC | [30] |
Exosomal miRNAs | Italy | 2021 | correlation between CTC counts and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with metastatic RCC treated with an antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor as a first-line regimen | 195 patients treated at the baseline with pazopanib or sunitinib | Prognosis prediction | the baseline number of isolated CTCs could serve as a predictive factor for prognosis in patients diagnosed with metastatic RCC | [43] |
Exosomal miRNAs | China | 2018 | the relationship of dynamic changes of CTCs and Beclin-1 expression of CTCs with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) prognosis | 69 patients diagnosed with RCC and treated with surgery [metastasis-free group (n = 58) and metastatic group (n = 11)] | Prognosis prediction | recurrence or metastasis of RCC was related to the variation trend of CTCs, especially mesenchymal CTCs and Beclin1-positive CTCs | [45] |
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Crocetto, F.; Falcone, A.; Mirto, B.F.; Sicignano, E.; Pagano, G.; Dinacci, F.; Varriale, D.; Machiella, F.; Giampaglia, G.; Calogero, A.; et al. Unlocking Precision Medicine: Liquid Biopsy Advancements in Renal Cancer Detection and Monitoring. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073867
Crocetto F, Falcone A, Mirto BF, Sicignano E, Pagano G, Dinacci F, Varriale D, Machiella F, Giampaglia G, Calogero A, et al. Unlocking Precision Medicine: Liquid Biopsy Advancements in Renal Cancer Detection and Monitoring. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(7):3867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073867
Chicago/Turabian StyleCrocetto, Felice, Alfonso Falcone, Benito Fabio Mirto, Enrico Sicignano, Giovanni Pagano, Fabrizio Dinacci, Domenico Varriale, Fabio Machiella, Gaetano Giampaglia, Armando Calogero, and et al. 2024. "Unlocking Precision Medicine: Liquid Biopsy Advancements in Renal Cancer Detection and Monitoring" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7: 3867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073867