Dysregulated VEGF/VEGFR-2 Signaling and Plexogenic Lesions in the Embryonic Lungs of Chickens Predisposed to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Plexiform Lesion Incidence and Density in Broilers and Layers
2.2. Phenotypic Characteristics of Cells in Plexiform Lesions
2.3. Broilers Have Decreased Arteriogenesis in Their Lung Compared to Layers
2.4. Correlations between Lung Angiogenic Factors and Morphometric Parameters Measured
2.5. Pharmaceutical Inhibition of VEGFR-2 Promotes the Development of Plexiform Lesions in the Embryonic Lung of Layers
2.6. Nrf2 Is Hyperactivated in Broiler Embryonic Lung and Overexpression of Nrf2 Suppresses VEGF and VEGFR-2 Transcription
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animal Ethics
4.2. Embryo and Chick Preparation
4.3. Vandetanib Inoculation
4.4. Lung Sampling
4.5. Histological and Immunohistochemical Staining
4.6. TUNEL Assay
4.7. Quantitative Real-Time RT–PCR (qPCR)
4.8. Western Blot Analysis
4.9. Luciferase Assay
4.10. Ex Vivo Expansion of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Treatments
4.11. Cell Viability Assay
4.12. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ye, L.; Liu, R.; Li, Q.; Zhou, C.; Tan, X. Dysregulated VEGF/VEGFR-2 Signaling and Plexogenic Lesions in the Embryonic Lungs of Chickens Predisposed to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084489
Ye L, Liu R, Li Q, Zhou C, Tan X. Dysregulated VEGF/VEGFR-2 Signaling and Plexogenic Lesions in the Embryonic Lungs of Chickens Predisposed to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(8):4489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084489
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe, Lujie, Rui Liu, Qinghao Li, Chunzhen Zhou, and Xun Tan. 2024. "Dysregulated VEGF/VEGFR-2 Signaling and Plexogenic Lesions in the Embryonic Lungs of Chickens Predisposed to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8: 4489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084489