Marrubiin Inhibits Peritoneal Inflammatory Response Induced by Carrageenan Application in C57 Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation of MAR
2.2. In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity
2.2.1. MAR Dose-Dependently Decreases the Number of Peritoneal Inflammatory Cells
2.2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.2.3. MAR Dose-Dependently Reduces the Inflammatory Parameters in Exudate Fluid
2.2.4. MAR Prevents Mast Cell Degranulation in the Mesenterial Tissue of Animals Treated with Carrageenan
2.3. Time Lapse Study—Effect of MAR on Inflammatory-Cell Viability
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. General
4.2. Plant Material
4.3. Isolation of MAR
4.4. NMR Spectroscopy
4.5. Animals and Housing
4.6. In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity Determination
4.6.1. Carrageenan-Induced Peritonitis Induction
- Control group—vehicle (olive oil) at a dose of 10 mL/kg
- Positive control group—indometacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg
- Positive control group—diclofenac at a dose of 30 mg/kg
- Experimental group—MAR at a dose of 1 mg/kg
- Experimental group—MAR at a dose of 10 mg/kg
- Experimental group—MAR at a dose of 20 mg/kg
- Experimental group—MAR at a dose of 40 mg/kg
4.6.2. Peritoneal Exudate Cell Count and Differential Staining
4.6.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy of PECs
4.6.4. Biochemical Analysis of the Peritoneal Exudate Fluid
4.6.5. Mesenterial Tissue Staining for Mastocyte Degranulation
4.7. In Vitro Effects of MAR on Inflammatory Cell Viability—Time Lap Study
4.8. Lipoxygenase Inhibition—In Vitro Study
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dose/Parameter | Proteins (μg/mL) | MPO (OD × 1000) | GSH (nmol/mg of Proteins) | GPx (nmol/min/mg of Proteins) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vehicle 10 mL/kg | 77 ± 5 | 128 ± 14 | 8.4 ± 4.1 | 4.0 ± 0.1 |
Diclofenac 5 mg/kg | 45 ± 10 * | 76 ± 14 * | 13 ± 3 | 6.6 ± 1.2 * |
Indometacin 10 mg/kg | 40 ± 7 * | 84 ± 13 * | 6.8 ± 2.2 | 2.6 ± 0.4 * |
MAR 1 mg/kg | 55 ± 17 ** | 81 ± 16 * | 13 ± 6 | 6.1 ± 0.4 * |
MAR 10 mg/kg | 58 ± 4 ** | 86 ± 17 ** | 12 ± 5 | 6.8 ± 0.2 * |
MAR 20 mg/kg | 55 ± 2 * | 90 ± 15 ** | 9.7 ± 2.8 | 5.2 ± 0.3 ** |
MAR 40 mg/kg | 47 ± 4 * | 84 ± 7 * | 13 ± 2 | 5.5 ± 0.5 * |
Time (h)/ Concentration (M) | MAR | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10−4 | 10−5 | 10−6 | 10−7 | 10−8 | |
Granulocyte viability compared with the control (%) | |||||
1 | 101 ± 6 | 120 ± 10 | 113 ± 11 | 118 ± 9 | 107 ± 6 |
2 | 82 ± 8 ** | 106 ± 4 | 108 ± 6 | 98 ± 3 | 97 ± 3 |
3 | 96 ± 5 | 91 ± 5 | 101 ± 7 | 98 ± 6 | 94 ± 6 |
4 | 80 ± 9 ** | 96 ± 6 | 92 ± 9 | 111 ± 12 | 98 ± 6 |
5 | 69 ± 5 * | 72 ± 12 * | 70 ± 14 * | 78 ± 9 * | 79 ± 10 * |
PMNCs viability compared with the control (%) | |||||
1 | 115 ± 9 | 97 ± 5 | 109 ± 6 | 112 ± 8 | 103 ± 7 |
2 | 105 ± 8 | 112 ± 8 | 115 ± 9 | 100 ± 5 | 99 ± 2 |
3 | 63 ± 11 * | 59 ± 12 * | 67 ± 17 * | 75 ± 12 * | 93 ± 11 |
4 | 54 ± 16 * | 55 ± 11 * | 62 ± 12 * | 70 ± 4 * | 88 ± 5 ** |
5 | 46 ± 10 * | 50 ± 13 * | 53 ± 11 * | 61 ± 7 * | 80 ± 2 ** |
Spleen lymphocyte viability compared with the control (%) | |||||
1 | 96 ± 5 | 95 ± 4 | 102 ± 7 | 108 ± 66 | 102 ± 5 |
2 | 102 ± 4 | 95 ± 7 | 106 ± 5 | 97 ± 6 | 96 ± 4 |
3 | 98 ± 4 | 93 ± 5 | 94 ± 4 | 87 ± 10 | 105 ± 2 |
4 | 90 ± 2 ** | 102 ± 8 | 98 ± 4 | 114 ± 9 | 101 ± 4 |
5 | 79 ± 7 * | 92 ± 7 | 103 ± 4 | 102 ± 5 | 95 ± 3 |
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Radulović, N.S.; Đorđević Zlatković, M.R.; Stojanović, N.M.; Nešić, M.S.; Zlatković, D.B.; Potić Floranović, M.S.; Tričković Vukić, D.S.; Randjelovic, P.J. Marrubiin Inhibits Peritoneal Inflammatory Response Induced by Carrageenan Application in C57 Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084496
Radulović NS, Đorđević Zlatković MR, Stojanović NM, Nešić MS, Zlatković DB, Potić Floranović MS, Tričković Vukić DS, Randjelovic PJ. Marrubiin Inhibits Peritoneal Inflammatory Response Induced by Carrageenan Application in C57 Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(8):4496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084496
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadulović, Niko S., Miljana R. Đorđević Zlatković, Nikola M. Stojanović, Milan S. Nešić, Dragan B. Zlatković, Milena S. Potić Floranović, Dragana S. Tričković Vukić, and Pavle J. Randjelovic. 2024. "Marrubiin Inhibits Peritoneal Inflammatory Response Induced by Carrageenan Application in C57 Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8: 4496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084496