Oral Microbially-Induced Small Extracellular Vesicles Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Methods and Materials
4.1. Experimental PD in Mice Model
4.2. Periodontitis Patients and Healthy Volunteers
4.3. Brain Exosome Isolation
4.4. Gingival Exosome Isolation
4.5. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis of Exosomes
4.6. Electron Microscopy
4.7. Western Blotting and Antibodies
4.8. Biodistribution of Gingival EXO after Intragingival Injection
4.9. Gingival EXO Colocalization with Pg Mfa-1, Pg Gingipains, Microglial Cells, Astrocytes, and Endothelial Cells in Brain In Vivo
4.10. Human In Vitro Blood–Brain Barrier Model Culture and PD EXO Treatment
4.11. FITC-Dextran Permeability Assay in Blood Brain Barrier Model
Real-Time PCR
4.12. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Elashiry, M.; Carroll, A.; Yuan, J.; Liu, Y.; Hamrick, M.; Cutler, C.W.; Wang, Q.; Elsayed, R. Oral Microbially-Induced Small Extracellular Vesicles Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084509
Elashiry M, Carroll A, Yuan J, Liu Y, Hamrick M, Cutler CW, Wang Q, Elsayed R. Oral Microbially-Induced Small Extracellular Vesicles Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(8):4509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084509
Chicago/Turabian StyleElashiry, Mahmoud, Angelica Carroll, Jessie Yuan, Yutao Liu, Mark Hamrick, Christopher W. Cutler, Qin Wang, and Ranya Elsayed. 2024. "Oral Microbially-Induced Small Extracellular Vesicles Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8: 4509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084509