Cytotoxicity of Quantum Dots in Receptor-Mediated Endocytic and Pinocytic Pathways in Yeast
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Impact of QDs on the Lifespan of Endocytic Markers
2.2. Effect of Cadmium-Ion-Mediated Toxicity on Endocytic Marker
2.3. QDs Lead to Cps1 Vacuolar Fragmentation Defects
2.4. QDs Cause Lipophilic FM1-43 Transport Defects
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Yeast Strain and Culturing
4.2. Characterization of CdSe/ZnS QDs
4.3. Assessment of Endocytic Markers’ Recruitment Dynamics
4.4. Assessment of Intact Cadmium-Ion-Mediated Toxicity
4.5. Quantification of mRFP-Cps1 Vacuole Organization
4.6. Pinocytosis Assay Using FM1-43
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain Name | Strain Number | Genotype |
---|---|---|
Wildtype yeast (BY4741) | KKY 0002 | MATa his3∆1 leu2Δ0 met15∆0 ura3∆0 |
Ede1-GFP | KKY 0200 | MATa his3∆1 leu2∆ met15∆ ura3∆ EDE1-GFP-HISMx6 |
Las17-GFP | KKY 0093 | MATa his3∆1 leu2∆ met15∆ ura3∆ LAS17-GFP-HIS3 |
Sla1-GFP | KKY 0032 | MATa SLA1-GFP-HIS3 his3∆1 leu2∆ ura3∆ lys2∆ |
Sla2-GFP | KKY 0254 | MATa his3∆1 leu2∆ ura3∆ lys2∆ SLA2-GFP-HIS |
Cap1-GFP | KKY 0003 | MATa CAP1-GFP-HIS3 his3∆1 leu2∆ met15∆ ura3∆ |
Sac6-GFP | KKY 0030 | MATa SAC6-GFP-HIS3 his3∆1 leu2∆ ura3∆ lys2∆ |
mRFP-Cps1 | KKY 1494 | MATa his3∆1 leu2∆ met15∆ ura3∆ mRFP-Cps1-URA |
Vps1∆ + Cap1-GFP | KKY 0219 | MATa his3∆1 leu2∆ met15∆ ura3∆ CAP1-GFP-HIS3/his3∆1 leu2∆ lys2∆ ura3∆ VPS1:KanMX6 |
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Okafor, O.; Kim, K. Cytotoxicity of Quantum Dots in Receptor-Mediated Endocytic and Pinocytic Pathways in Yeast. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094714
Okafor O, Kim K. Cytotoxicity of Quantum Dots in Receptor-Mediated Endocytic and Pinocytic Pathways in Yeast. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(9):4714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094714
Chicago/Turabian StyleOkafor, Onyinye, and Kyoungtae Kim. 2024. "Cytotoxicity of Quantum Dots in Receptor-Mediated Endocytic and Pinocytic Pathways in Yeast" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 9: 4714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094714