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Review

Nanotherapy of Glioblastoma—Where Hope Grows

by
Jan Grzegorzewski
1,2,
Maciej Michalak
1,2,
Maria Wołoszczuk
1,2,
Magdalena Bulicz
1,2 and
Aleksandra Majchrzak-Celińska
2,*
1
The Student Scientific Society of Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 1814; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051814
Submission received: 20 December 2024 / Revised: 8 February 2025 / Accepted: 17 February 2025 / Published: 20 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Developments in Glioblastoma Research and Therapy)

Abstract

Localization in the central nervous system, diffuse growth, the presence of stem cells, and numerous resistance mechanisms, all make glioblastoma (GBM) an incurable tumor. The standard treatment of GBM consisting of surgery; radio- and chemotherapy with temozolomide provides insufficient therapeutic benefit and needs to be updated with effective modern solutions. One of the most promising and intensively explored therapeutic approaches against GBM is the use of nanotherapy. The first, and so far only, nanoparticle-based therapy approved for GBM treatment is NanoThermTM. It is based on iron oxide nanoparticles and the thermal ablation of the tumor with a magnetic field. Numerous other types of nanotherapies are being evaluated, including polymer and lipid-based nanoformulations, nanodiscs, dendrimers, and metallic, silica, or bioderived nanoparticles, among others. The advantages of these nanoscale drug carriers include improved penetration across the blood–brain barrier, targeted drug delivery, biocompatibility, and lower systemic toxicity, while major problems with their implementation involve scaling up their production and high costs. Nevertheless, taking all the impressive benefits of nanotherapies into consideration, it seems obvious that the combined effort of the scientific world will need to be taken to tackle these challenges and implement these novel therapies into clinics, giving hope that the battle against GBM can finally be won.
Keywords: nanoparticles; nanotherapy; glioblastoma; liposomes; lipid nanocapsules; nanodiscs; dendrimers; metallic nanoparticles; silica nanoparticles; exosome nanoparticles; nanotherapy; glioblastoma; liposomes; lipid nanocapsules; nanodiscs; dendrimers; metallic nanoparticles; silica nanoparticles; exosome
Graphical Abstract

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MDPI and ACS Style

Grzegorzewski, J.; Michalak, M.; Wołoszczuk, M.; Bulicz, M.; Majchrzak-Celińska, A. Nanotherapy of Glioblastoma—Where Hope Grows. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051814

AMA Style

Grzegorzewski J, Michalak M, Wołoszczuk M, Bulicz M, Majchrzak-Celińska A. Nanotherapy of Glioblastoma—Where Hope Grows. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(5):1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051814

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grzegorzewski, Jan, Maciej Michalak, Maria Wołoszczuk, Magdalena Bulicz, and Aleksandra Majchrzak-Celińska. 2025. "Nanotherapy of Glioblastoma—Where Hope Grows" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 5: 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051814

APA Style

Grzegorzewski, J., Michalak, M., Wołoszczuk, M., Bulicz, M., & Majchrzak-Celińska, A. (2025). Nanotherapy of Glioblastoma—Where Hope Grows. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(5), 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051814

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