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Volume 26
Issue 9
10.3390/ijms26094096
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Review

New Therapeutic Targets TIGIT, LAG-3 and TIM-3 in the Treatment of Advanced, Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

by
Jacek Kabut
*,
Anita Gorzelak-Magiera
and
Iwona Gisterek-Grocholska
*
Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4096; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094096
Submission received: 10 March 2025 / Revised: 20 April 2025 / Accepted: 22 April 2025 / Published: 25 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Molecular Research in Benign and Malignant Lung Disease)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

The introduction of immunotherapy and target therapy into clinical practice has become a chance for many patients with cancer to prolong their survival while maintaining optimal quality of life. Treatment of lung cancer is excellent evidence of the progress of medical therapies. An understanding of the mechanisms of tumor development has led to the evolution of new methods of treatment. Immunoreceptors of T cells with the immunoglobulin domain ITIM, TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin domain-3-containing molecule 3), and LAG-3 (lymphocyte activation gene-3) represent new interesting therapeutic targets. The combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 blockade has proven the possibility of strengthening the anti-tumor response by acting via two separate mechanisms. Adding additional checkpoints to the PD-1 blockade offers hope for further improvements in the effects of the treatment of patients and expanding the group responding to immunotherapy. This paper presents new promising molecular targets along with studies demonstrating the treatment results using them.
Keywords: lung cancer; TIM-3; LAG-3; TIGIT; immunotherapy lung cancer; TIM-3; LAG-3; TIGIT; immunotherapy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kabut, J.; Gorzelak-Magiera, A.; Gisterek-Grocholska, I. New Therapeutic Targets TIGIT, LAG-3 and TIM-3 in the Treatment of Advanced, Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 4096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094096

AMA Style

Kabut J, Gorzelak-Magiera A, Gisterek-Grocholska I. New Therapeutic Targets TIGIT, LAG-3 and TIM-3 in the Treatment of Advanced, Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(9):4096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094096

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kabut, Jacek, Anita Gorzelak-Magiera, and Iwona Gisterek-Grocholska. 2025. "New Therapeutic Targets TIGIT, LAG-3 and TIM-3 in the Treatment of Advanced, Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 9: 4096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094096

APA Style

Kabut, J., Gorzelak-Magiera, A., & Gisterek-Grocholska, I. (2025). New Therapeutic Targets TIGIT, LAG-3 and TIM-3 in the Treatment of Advanced, Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(9), 4096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094096

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