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Volume 19
Issue 4
10.3390/s19040853
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Article

A Low Frequency Mechanical Transmitter Based on Magnetoelectric Heterostructures Operated at Their Resonance Frequency

by
Junran Xu
1,*,
Chung Ming Leung
1,
Xin Zhuang
1,
Jiefang Li
1,
Shubhendu Bhardwaj
2,
John Volakis
2 and
Dwight Viehland
1
1
Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
2
Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2019, 19(4), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040853
Submission received: 24 January 2019 / Revised: 12 February 2019 / Accepted: 15 February 2019 / Published: 19 February 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonant Sensors)
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Abstract

Magneto-elasto-electric (ME) coupling heterostructures, consisting of piezoelectric layers bonded to magnetostrictive ones, provide for a new class of electromagnetic emitter materials on which a portable (area ~ 16 cm2) very low frequency (VLF) transmitter technology could be developed. The proposed ME transmitter functions as follows: (a) a piezoelectric layer is first driven by alternating current AC electric voltage at its electromechanical resonance (EMR) frequency, (b) subsequently, this EMR excites the magnetostrictive layers, giving rise to magnetization change, (c) in turn, the magnetization oscillations result in oscillating magnetic fields. By Maxwell’s equations, a corresponding electric field, is also generated, leading to electromagnetic field propagation. Our hybrid piezoelectric-magnetostrictive transformer can take an input electric voltage that may include modulation-signal over a carrier frequency and transmit via oscillating magnetic field or flux change. The prototype measurements reveal a magnetic dipole like near field, demonstrating its transmission capabilities. Furthermore, the developed prototype showed a 104 times higher efficiency over a small-circular loop of the same area, exhibiting its superiority over the class of traditional small antennas.
Keywords: electromechanical resonance frequency; magneto-elasto-electric coupling; transmitter–receiver system; kilohertz; magnetic fields; piezoelectric; magnetostrictive; ME sensors electromechanical resonance frequency; magneto-elasto-electric coupling; transmitter–receiver system; kilohertz; magnetic fields; piezoelectric; magnetostrictive; ME sensors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xu, J.; Leung, C.M.; Zhuang, X.; Li, J.; Bhardwaj, S.; Volakis, J.; Viehland, D. A Low Frequency Mechanical Transmitter Based on Magnetoelectric Heterostructures Operated at Their Resonance Frequency. Sensors 2019, 19, 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040853

AMA Style

Xu J, Leung CM, Zhuang X, Li J, Bhardwaj S, Volakis J, Viehland D. A Low Frequency Mechanical Transmitter Based on Magnetoelectric Heterostructures Operated at Their Resonance Frequency. Sensors. 2019; 19(4):853. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040853

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu, Junran, Chung Ming Leung, Xin Zhuang, Jiefang Li, Shubhendu Bhardwaj, John Volakis, and Dwight Viehland. 2019. "A Low Frequency Mechanical Transmitter Based on Magnetoelectric Heterostructures Operated at Their Resonance Frequency" Sensors 19, no. 4: 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040853

APA Style

Xu, J., Leung, C. M., Zhuang, X., Li, J., Bhardwaj, S., Volakis, J., & Viehland, D. (2019). A Low Frequency Mechanical Transmitter Based on Magnetoelectric Heterostructures Operated at Their Resonance Frequency. Sensors, 19(4), 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040853

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