A Novel Design and Development of a Strip-Fed Circularly Polarized Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G NR Sub-6 GHz Band Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Antenna Geometry
3. Circularly Polarized 5G Antenna Design and Optimization
3.1. Geometry 1
3.2. Geometry 2
3.3. Geometry 3
3.4. Geometry 4
3.5. Geometry of the Proposed CP 5G RDRA
4. Measurement Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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l1 (mm) | l2 (mm) | l3 (mm) | l4 (mm) | l5 (mm) | 3 dB AR Bandwidth (%) | 10 dB S11 Bandwidth (%) | Overlapping AR & S11 Bandwidth (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.5 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 6.24 | 12.43 | 100 |
2 | 8 | 0.5 | 5.65 | 12.18 | 100 | ||
9 | 1 | 12 | 0.5 | 6.23 | 11.92 | 100 | |
1 | 6.64 | 10.65 | 100 | ||||
1 | 7.87 | 10.4 | 100 | ||||
2 | 12 | 2.5 | 6.17 | 10.14 | 93.1 | ||
3 | 7.08 | 11.67 | 76.2 | ||||
1.5 | 9.07 | 11.42 | 66.2 | ||||
3 | 10 | 2.5 | 5.64 | 11.16 | 90.5 | ||
3 | 6.28 | 8.63 | 86.3 | ||||
2 | 7.25 | 8.38 | 100 | ||||
5.5 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 1.5 | 4.17 | 9.89 | 100 |
1 | 5.32 | 9.63 | 100 | ||||
2.5 | 7.59 | 9.38 | 100 | ||||
4 | 8 | 3.5 | 7.43 | 9.13 | 100 | ||
5 | 10 | 1.5 | 10 | 17 | 100 | ||
9 | 5 | 12 | 2 | 5.07 | 7.9 | 48.3 | |
7.5 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 6.15 | 7.42 | 77.5 |
6 | 6 | 3.5 | 4.71 | 7.2 | 100 | ||
2.5 | 7.08 | 6.97 | 43.4 | ||||
7 | 9 | 2 | 6.15 | 6.75 | 100 | ||
2 | 6.1 | 6.54 | 100 | ||||
7 | 7 | 8 | 1.5 | 5.3 | 6.34 | 100 | |
3.5 | 10.47 | 10.91 | 60.3 | ||||
9 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 4.05 | 7.66 | 100 |
Antenna | Geometry | No of Strips | 10-dB S11 Bandwidth (%) | 3-dB AR Bandwidth (%) | Polarization | 5G NR n79 Coverage (4.4–4.8 GHz) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geometry 1 | 1 | Nil | Nil | Linear | NO | |
Geometry 2 | 2 | Nil | Nil | Circular | NO | |
Geometry 3 | 3 | Nil | 2 | Circular | NO | |
Geometry 4 | 4 | 8.8 | 5.8 | Circular | NO | |
Proposed CP 5G RDRA | 5 | 17 | 10 | Circular | YES |
Excited Mode of 5G CP RDRA | DWM Estimation | CST Calculation | Experimental Measurement |
---|---|---|---|
TE | (GHz) | (GHz) | (GHz) |
3.89 | 4.13 | 4.12 | |
4.53 | 4.52 | 4.51 |
Ref. | Design Configuration | Excitation Mechanism | Mode of Excitation | Usable CP Frequency | Usable CP Bandwidth | Gain (dBic) | Antenna Geometry | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[18] | 10 & 3.5 | Rectangular multilayered DRA | Cross-slot with microstrip line | & | 10.5−11.5 GHz | 9.5% | 11 | Complex |
[19] | 10 | Four metallic walls surrounded RDRA | Cross-slot with microstrip line | 2.2−3.5 GHz | 46.9% | 4.37 | Complex | |
[20] | 9.6 | Rectangular DRA with two annular vias | Microstrip line coupled rectangular slot | 3.28−3.46 GHz | 5.5% | 6–7.1 | Complex | |
[21] | 9.8 | Rectangular DRA | Triangular aperture with parasitic strip | 3.46−3.54 GHz | 2.29% | 5 | Complex | |
[22] | 20.5 | Rectangular DRA | Cross-slot-coupled | 1.25−1.3 GHz | 2.2% | 4.3 | Complex | |
Proposed CP 5G RDRA | 10 | Rectangular DRA | Unique conformal strip | 4.4−4.8 GHz | 10% | 6.2 | Simple |
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Illahi, U.; Iqbal, J.; Irfan, M.; Ismail Sulaiman, M.; Khan, M.A.; Rauf, A.; Bari, I.; Abdullah, M.; Muhammad, F.; Nowakowski, G.; et al. A Novel Design and Development of a Strip-Fed Circularly Polarized Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G NR Sub-6 GHz Band Applications. Sensors 2022, 22, 5531. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155531
Illahi U, Iqbal J, Irfan M, Ismail Sulaiman M, Khan MA, Rauf A, Bari I, Abdullah M, Muhammad F, Nowakowski G, et al. A Novel Design and Development of a Strip-Fed Circularly Polarized Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G NR Sub-6 GHz Band Applications. Sensors. 2022; 22(15):5531. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155531
Chicago/Turabian StyleIllahi, Usman, Javed Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan, Mohamad Ismail Sulaiman, Muhammad Abbas Khan, Abdul Rauf, Inam Bari, Mujeeb Abdullah, Fazal Muhammad, Grzegorz Nowakowski, and et al. 2022. "A Novel Design and Development of a Strip-Fed Circularly Polarized Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G NR Sub-6 GHz Band Applications" Sensors 22, no. 15: 5531. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155531