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Volume 22
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10.3390/s22207930
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Article

A Novel Load Balancing Scheme for Satellite IoT Networks Based on Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Users and Advanced Genetic Algorithms

by
Wenliang Lin
1,2,
Zewen Dong
1,
Ke Wang
3,
Dongdong Wang
2,4,*,
Yaohua Deng
1,
Yicheng Liao
1,
Yang Liu
1,
Da Wan
1,
Bingyu Xu
5 and
Genan Wu
6
1
The School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
2
Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
3
School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
4
Academy for Network & Communications of CETC, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
5
China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing 100191, China
6
China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2022, 22(20), 7930; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207930
Submission received: 31 August 2022 / Revised: 29 September 2022 / Accepted: 12 October 2022 / Published: 18 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Satellite Based IoT Networks for Emerging Applications)
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Abstract

Satellite IoT networks (S-IoT-N), which have been a hot issue regarding the next generation of communication, are quite important for the coming era of digital twins and the metaverse because of their performance in sensing and monitoring anywhere, anytime, and anyway, in more dimensions. However, this will cause communication links to face greater traffic loads. Satellite internet networks (SIN) are considered the most possible evolution road, possessing characteristics of many satellites, such as low earth orbit (LEO), the Ku/Ka frequency, and a high data rate. Existing research on load balancing schemes for satellite networks cannot solve the problems of low efficiency under conditions of extremely non-uniform distribution of users (DoU) and dynamic density variances. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel load balancing scheme of adjacent beams for S-IoT-N based on the modeling of spatial–temporal DoU and advanced GA. In our scheme, the PDF of the DoU in the direction of movement of the SSP’s trajectory was modeled first, which provided a multi-directional constraint for the non-uniform distribution of users in S-IoT-N. Fully considering the prior periodicity of satellite movement and the similarity of DoU in different areas, we proposed an adaptive inheritance iteration to optimize the crossover factor and mutation factor for GA for the first time. Based on the proposed improved GA, we obtained the optimal scheme of load balancing under the conditions of the adaptation from the local balancing scheme to global balancing, and a selection of Ser-Beams to access. Finally, the simulations show that the proposed method can improve the average throughput by 3% under specific conditions and improve processing efficiency by 30% on average.
Keywords: load balancing; satellite network; Internet of Things; genetic algorithm; beam hopping load balancing; satellite network; Internet of Things; genetic algorithm; beam hopping

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Lin, W.; Dong, Z.; Wang, K.; Wang, D.; Deng, Y.; Liao, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wan, D.; Xu, B.; Wu, G. A Novel Load Balancing Scheme for Satellite IoT Networks Based on Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Users and Advanced Genetic Algorithms. Sensors 2022, 22, 7930. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207930

AMA Style

Lin W, Dong Z, Wang K, Wang D, Deng Y, Liao Y, Liu Y, Wan D, Xu B, Wu G. A Novel Load Balancing Scheme for Satellite IoT Networks Based on Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Users and Advanced Genetic Algorithms. Sensors. 2022; 22(20):7930. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207930

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin, Wenliang, Zewen Dong, Ke Wang, Dongdong Wang, Yaohua Deng, Yicheng Liao, Yang Liu, Da Wan, Bingyu Xu, and Genan Wu. 2022. "A Novel Load Balancing Scheme for Satellite IoT Networks Based on Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Users and Advanced Genetic Algorithms" Sensors 22, no. 20: 7930. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207930

APA Style

Lin, W., Dong, Z., Wang, K., Wang, D., Deng, Y., Liao, Y., Liu, Y., Wan, D., Xu, B., & Wu, G. (2022). A Novel Load Balancing Scheme for Satellite IoT Networks Based on Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Users and Advanced Genetic Algorithms. Sensors, 22(20), 7930. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207930

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