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Volume 22
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10.3390/s22218175
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Review

Radiation Effects on Fiber Bragg Gratings: Vulnerability and Hardening Studies

by
Adriana Morana
1,
Emmanuel Marin
1,
Laurent Lablonde
2,
Thomas Blanchet
3,
Thierry Robin
2,
Guy Cheymol
4,
Guillaume Laffont
3,
Aziz Boukenter
1,
Youcef Ouerdane
1 and
Sylvain Girard
1,*
1
UJM, CNRS, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, University of Lyon, UMR 5516, 18 rue Prof. B. Lauras, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
2
iXblue Photonics, F-22300 Lannion, France
3
CEA List, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
4
CEA, Service d’Études Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2022, 22(21), 8175; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218175
Submission received: 26 September 2022 / Revised: 19 October 2022 / Accepted: 20 October 2022 / Published: 25 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives)
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Abstract

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are point optical fiber sensors that allow the monitoring of a diversity of environmental parameters, e.g., temperature or strain. Several research groups have studied radiation effects on the grating response, as they are implemented in harsh environments: high energy physics, space, and nuclear facilities. We report here the advances made to date in studies regarding the vulnerability and hardening of this sensor under radiation. First, we introduce its principle of operation. Second, the different grating inscription techniques are briefly illustrated as well as the differences among the various types. Then, we focus on the radiation effects induced on different FBGs. Radiation induces a shift in their Bragg wavelengths, which is a property serving to measure environmental parameters. This radiation-induced Bragg wavelength shift (RI-BWS) leads to a measurement error, whose amplitude and kinetics depend on many parameters: inscription conditions, fiber type, pre- or post-treatments, and irradiation conditions (nature, dose, dose rate, and temperature). Indeed, the radiation hardness of an FBG is not directly related to that of the fiber where it has been photo-inscribed by a laser. We review the influence of all these parameters and discuss how it is possible to manufacture FBGs with limited RI-BWS, opening the way to their implementation in radiation-rich environments.
Keywords: fiber gratings; fiber Bragg gratings; fiber sensors; optical fibers; radiation effects; harsh environments fiber gratings; fiber Bragg gratings; fiber sensors; optical fibers; radiation effects; harsh environments

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MDPI and ACS Style

Morana, A.; Marin, E.; Lablonde, L.; Blanchet, T.; Robin, T.; Cheymol, G.; Laffont, G.; Boukenter, A.; Ouerdane, Y.; Girard, S. Radiation Effects on Fiber Bragg Gratings: Vulnerability and Hardening Studies. Sensors 2022, 22, 8175. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218175

AMA Style

Morana A, Marin E, Lablonde L, Blanchet T, Robin T, Cheymol G, Laffont G, Boukenter A, Ouerdane Y, Girard S. Radiation Effects on Fiber Bragg Gratings: Vulnerability and Hardening Studies. Sensors. 2022; 22(21):8175. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218175

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morana, Adriana, Emmanuel Marin, Laurent Lablonde, Thomas Blanchet, Thierry Robin, Guy Cheymol, Guillaume Laffont, Aziz Boukenter, Youcef Ouerdane, and Sylvain Girard. 2022. "Radiation Effects on Fiber Bragg Gratings: Vulnerability and Hardening Studies" Sensors 22, no. 21: 8175. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218175

APA Style

Morana, A., Marin, E., Lablonde, L., Blanchet, T., Robin, T., Cheymol, G., Laffont, G., Boukenter, A., Ouerdane, Y., & Girard, S. (2022). Radiation Effects on Fiber Bragg Gratings: Vulnerability and Hardening Studies. Sensors, 22(21), 8175. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218175

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